DOI: 10.25136/2409-8701.2020.5.33729

Abstract: The theoretical subject of this research is personality of a patient with socially significant diseases. The goal consists in determination of methodological grounds for selecting a universal set of psychodiagnostic methods for the patients with socially significant diseases. Theoretical analysis is conducted on the results relevant Russian and foreign psychological empirical research that allow describing personality of a patient with socially significant diseases. The author systematizes the data based on biopsychosocionoetic model proposed by G. V. Zalevsky, which reveals the elements of psychological diagnostics and psychological work in accordance with the components of functionality of the psyche: physical Self, social Self, actual Self, and spiritual Self. It is established that modern research usually reveals 1-2 components of the structural Self of the psyche. The article offers a combination of methods that can lay the foundation for systematic psychodiagnostic study of personality of a patient with socially significant diseases. For determining the actual Self, actual Self, social Self, and maladaptive traits, the author suggest to use the following:1) for studying the aspects of actual Self: Individual-typological questionnaire By L. N. Sobchik;: Strategies of Coping Behavior, Life Cycle Index, Integrative Anxiety Test; Beck Depression Inventory;2) for studying social Self: the Scale for Measuring Subjective Feeling of Loneliness in adaptation of N. E. Vodopyanova, Multidimensional Scale of Perceived Social Support3) for studying spiritual Self: Reconceptualized test of life-meaning orientations by D. A. Leontiev's4) for physical Self: Giessen Subjective Complaints ListThe indicated methodologies allow implementing the systemic-structural principle, achieving a holistic picture of functionality of the psyche in diagnostics of a patient.

DOI: 10.25136/2409-8701.2020.3.32992

Abstract: The subject of this research is the anxiety of patients at different stages of genesis of myocardial infarction (MI). It is a proven fact that the high level of anxiety leads to reoccurrence and unfavorable course of disease both, in combination with other factors or regardless of them. However, the influence of separate aspects of anxiety into reoccurrence of MI remains insufficiently studied, which actualizes determination of the components of anxiety at different staged of emergence of this disease. The article presents a comparative analysis and description of the level of manifestation of various components of anxiety among the following empirical groups: 33 persons without myocardial infarction in past medical history, but in the group of risk by its genesis; 29 patients undergoing 2 to 5 days of hospital treatment for recovering after MI; 27 patients that have already received post-hospital therapy after MI. The observational group included 30 technically healthy persons. The following conclusions are formulated: 1) Anxiety components, such as asthenic, phobic, emotional discomfort are vivid among the patients who have survived MI, as well as persons in the risk group. However, an additional longitude research is required for proving the influence of anxiety into the genesis of myocardial infarction. 2) The currently conducted rehabilitation of MI patients reduces the overall level of situational anxiety, practically avoiding such its components that in the future can prompt recurrence of MI. 3) High level of anxiety is characteristic to all IM patients. The recommended programs for prevention and rehabilitation should be focused on long-term reduction of the level of personal anxiety, such as cognitive-behavioral psychotherapy.

DOI: 10.25136/2409-8701.2019.3.30013

Abstract: The matter under research is diagnostic capabilities of psychological tests. Despite frequent use, this term does not have a clear definition and can be interpreted in a different way in researches. The authors of the article examine such aspects of the topic as the use of the term 'diagnostic capabilities' in Russian empirical reserach, the structure of the term 'diagnostic capabilities' of psychologists tests, problems caused by the use of unreliable tests in psychological practice, reasons and solutions. The researchers have also carried out a practical analysis of the term 'diagnostic capabilities' as it has been used in recent empirical researches and have analyzed objective reasons of why unreliable psychological tests are commonly used. The main conclusions of the research are the following: 1. there is the 'theory-and-practice' dialectics in academic psychology: borders of 'diagnostic capabilities' are defined by the theoretical model of psychic phenomenon which, in its turn, is based on actual empirical data. 2. The definition of 'diagnostic capabilities' should include measurable effects and diagnostic attributes; applicability for particular research objectives and groups of respondents, standard samples or reference patterns that can be used in the process of interpretation, reliability, reasonability and validity. The term 'diagnostic capabilities' is identical to the term 'psychometric properties'. 3. Objective reasons for such common use of unreliable psychologists tests include: the use of out-of-date tests; availability of such tests; the fact that tests are used by other specialists but not psychologists; and use of computer interpretation of tests. 4. The authors describe ways to overcome this problem, i.e. to involve students in psychologists researches carried out by university departments; to develop the mechanism of distribution of psychologists tests; awareness of harmful effect of online diagnostics; increasing availability of online counselling; and encouraging better understanding of methodological bases of particular tests.