DOI: 10.25136/2409-8701.2020.3.32992

Abstract: The subject of this research is the anxiety of patients at different stages of genesis of myocardial infarction (MI). It is a proven fact that the high level of anxiety leads to reoccurrence and unfavorable course of disease both, in combination with other factors or regardless of them. However, the influence of separate aspects of anxiety into reoccurrence of MI remains insufficiently studied, which actualizes determination of the components of anxiety at different staged of emergence of this disease. The article presents a comparative analysis and description of the level of manifestation of various components of anxiety among the following empirical groups: 33 persons without myocardial infarction in past medical history, but in the group of risk by its genesis; 29 patients undergoing 2 to 5 days of hospital treatment for recovering after MI; 27 patients that have already received post-hospital therapy after MI. The observational group included 30 technically healthy persons. The following conclusions are formulated: 1) Anxiety components, such as asthenic, phobic, emotional discomfort are vivid among the patients who have survived MI, as well as persons in the risk group. However, an additional longitude research is required for proving the influence of anxiety into the genesis of myocardial infarction. 2) The currently conducted rehabilitation of MI patients reduces the overall level of situational anxiety, practically avoiding such its components that in the future can prompt recurrence of MI. 3) High level of anxiety is characteristic to all IM patients. The recommended programs for prevention and rehabilitation should be focused on long-term reduction of the level of personal anxiety, such as cognitive-behavioral psychotherapy.

DOI: 10.25136/2409-8701.2019.3.30013

Abstract: The matter under research is diagnostic capabilities of psychological tests. Despite frequent use, this term does not have a clear definition and can be interpreted in a different way in researches. The authors of the article examine such aspects of the topic as the use of the term 'diagnostic capabilities' in Russian empirical reserach, the structure of the term 'diagnostic capabilities' of psychologists tests, problems caused by the use of unreliable tests in psychological practice, reasons and solutions. The researchers have also carried out a practical analysis of the term 'diagnostic capabilities' as it has been used in recent empirical researches and have analyzed objective reasons of why unreliable psychological tests are commonly used. The main conclusions of the research are the following: 1. there is the 'theory-and-practice' dialectics in academic psychology: borders of 'diagnostic capabilities' are defined by the theoretical model of psychic phenomenon which, in its turn, is based on actual empirical data. 2. The definition of 'diagnostic capabilities' should include measurable effects and diagnostic attributes; applicability for particular research objectives and groups of respondents, standard samples or reference patterns that can be used in the process of interpretation, reliability, reasonability and validity. The term 'diagnostic capabilities' is identical to the term 'psychometric properties'. 3. Objective reasons for such common use of unreliable psychologists tests include: the use of out-of-date tests; availability of such tests; the fact that tests are used by other specialists but not psychologists; and use of computer interpretation of tests. 4. The authors describe ways to overcome this problem, i.e. to involve students in psychologists researches carried out by university departments; to develop the mechanism of distribution of psychologists tests; awareness of harmful effect of online diagnostics; increasing availability of online counselling; and encouraging better understanding of methodological bases of particular tests. 

DOI: 10.25136/2409-8701.2018.5.27507

Abstract: The subject of the research is the prevention of anxiety and depressive disorders by the means of corporate psychological counselling. The researcher set the following objectives for his research: 1) to find the most efficient psychotherapeutical approach to prevention of anxiety and depressive disorders at organisations; 2) to review humanistic concepts to psychological counselling of organization's staff that would be oriented at preservation of mental health. In order to achieve the first objective, the author outlines the main challenges a corporate psychological may face when counselling staff who demonstrate anxiety or depression symptoms. In accordance with the challenges described, the author proposes the following requirements for corporate psychological assistance: psychological assistance should mainly consist of short-term group therapy because such environment does not require too much openness from a client, the therapy should have distinct goals and targets and measerable efficient results. In order to achieve the second objective, the researcher compares the humanistic person-centered approach to organization and so called 'turguoise organizations'. As a conclusion, the author notes that these two models are similar in terms of their methodology. The fact that such models are created and implemented proves the growing role of psychology in corporate mangement and sets forth the task of psychological adaptation of staff to a new form of organization. The author also analyzes the most efficient approaches to prevention of anxiety and depressive disorders and names such approaches as interpersonal therapy and cognitive behavioral therapy. The author cmopares these two approaches as applicable to the situation of corporate psychological cousnelling. Based on the results of the analysis, cognitive behavioral therapy proves to be more efficient for prevention of anxiety and depressive disorders as part of corporate psychological counselling.