DOI: 10.25136/2409-8671.2023.4.37310

Abstract: The creation of the Sunni Muslim Brotherhood movement in Egypt in 1928, and the success of the Shiite Islamic Revolution in Iran in 1979, led by the Khomeini movement, are important events in the twentieth century for the Muslim world and the Middle East. The role of these two movements is clear and important in all the historical events that have taken place in the Middle East over the past 60 years. The two movements have converged in some ideology since the 1950s, despite the existence of a Sunni-Shiite conflict 1,300 years ago. In this article, we will try to answer the question of why there are strong relations between the Sunni movement and the Shiite movement by telling about the historical events between the Muslim Brotherhood and the Khomeini revolution in Iran, using an analytical approach to the events that took place in the Middle East that united these two movements, such as the Khomeini Revolution of 1979 The Iranian-Iraqi War of 1980-1988, the Palestinian crisis and the Egyptian Revolution of 2011. We will also clarify the relationship between the Muslim Brotherhood and the Turkish-Qatari-Iranian triangle. The article explains the long-standing relations between the Muslim Brotherhood and the Iranian revolution, and focuses on the continuation of these relations to the present, which has influenced the situation in the Arab region, especially in the Arab Republic of Egypt. This article proves the relationship between this group and Iran, even though Iran is a Shiite state and the Brotherhood is a Sunni group. The emphasis was placed on the fact that these relations had a great negative role on the events in Egypt after the Egyptian revolution of 2011, as well as on the form of relations in the Persian Gulf region with the union of Iran, Turkey and the State of Qatar.

DOI: 10.7256/2454-0684.2016.11.21004

Abstract: The subject of this article is the role of the Egyptian army in socio and political life of Egypt. The work examines the status of the Arab Republic of Egypt as the imperative institution of the country’s political system, as well as its role in social and political life. The level of transformation of the army’s role during and after the revolutionary events of “Arab Spring” that touched Egypt in 2011 is being analyzed. The article also traces the appointment of the military personnel as the government officials from the middle of the previous century, revealing the portion of participation of the Egyptian army in political processes of the Arab Republic of Egypt, including the events of the “color revolution” of 2011. The study of the role of Egyptian army in life of the state required comparative analysis of the level and character of interference into the processes of domestic policy and economy in the middle of the previous century (when after the end of the World War II, the control over the Egyptian state was taken over by the military structures), as well as in recent years. The scientific novelty consists in determination of the role and place of the Arab Republic of Egypt in life of the state, substantiated by the political culture of the country. The authors define the specificity of the role of Egyptian army during the transition period of development of the political process associated with the crisis of 2011, as well as reveal the role of the army as the political institution. The relevance of the problem is justified by the specificity of the role of army in the sphere of domestic policy of the Egyptian stat, which explains the level and character of the interference of the armed forces into the political and economic processes of the country.