DOI: 10.7256/2454-0722.2016.9.21099

Abstract: This article is devoted to investigation of the importance of shame in clinical work. The author singles out two main forms of shame: humanizing shame and toxic shame. Kilborne writes about important difference between shame and guilt in connection to the threat to internal orientation. He writes that the subject of shame and trauma has been seriously neglected in the media and in the major psychoanalytic journals. According to him, the trauma of neglect and mother’s non-responsiveness (as well as the trauma of physical abuse) have devastating effects on both sensory and psychic organization, on body image and psychic structure. He discusses the interrelations between hubris, shame and trauma. In the course of investigation Kilborne singles out different aspects of shame. He explains why Freud and others have focused on guilt at the expense of shame, and why recognizing shame can be difficult. He gives examples of toxic shame and its great destructiveness, writes about the importance of attunement of mother and her child in connection with the themes of shame, trauma and development. As the result of his investigation, Kilborne comes to the conclusion that in its toxic forms shame leads to serious distress and despair both in patients and in therapists; it can be passed from generation to generation in the form of narcissistic preoccupations that negate the feelings of connection in children; it can be related to trauma not responded to and to intolerable feelings of rage, mistrust, and isolation. By contrast, in its humanizing forms, shame can be one of the most powerful therapeutic resources we have.

DOI: 10.7256/2454-0722.2016.8.20895

Abstract: This paper explores relations between human conundrums and psychoanalytic technique and theory through the relationship between Freud and Ferenczi. Rather than vilify (or lionize) either figure, Starovoytov seeks to see into their struggles and conflicts, and to draw from correspondence and writings a portrait of a relationship. The author describes not two dusty figures drawn from the closet of history but rather two live, flawed, and struggling human beings whose rational ideas about what they were doing could never keep step with their emotions. There is therefore much to be learned from their relationship: about transference and countertransference, about boundaries and friendship, about rivalry and despair, and about shame. The main method used by the author of the article is the thorough investigation of some excerpts from their correspondence and writings, and also the critical examination of several works of modern foreign authors, who study relations of Freud and Ferenczi. As a result of his investigation the author comes to the conclusion that Ferenczi’s concepts of active technique and of mutual analysis may themselves be seen at least in part a reaction to his shame and humiliation at the hands of Freud. The author hopes that today we can learn more from the Freud-Ferenczi relationship, and from the theories that grew out of it.

DOI: 10.7256/2454-0757.2014.2.9964

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DOI: 10.7256/2454-0722.2014.1.10434

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