DOI: 10.25136/2409-8701.2022.2.37703

Abstract: The article is devoted to the analysis of modern psychoanalytic concepts focused on the description of the mechanisms of formation of addictive behavior. Three main vectors of the development of the ideas of psychoanalysis based on: 1) the theory of object relations; 2) the concept of mentalization and "fragile Ego"; 3) neurophysiological justification of the formation of the nature of emotional models of response to significant situations. A number of studies emphasize the existence of close mutually conditioning links between the neurophysiological and psychological levels of addictive behavior formation. The data obtained in the study of American authors Shevrin and Panksepp are presented, revealing the physiological mechanisms of the theory of attraction developed by Z. Freud.   Special attention is paid to the consideration of psychoanalytic ideas of Z. Freud and J. Lacan in the context of the analysis of dependent behavior. On the basis of the phenomenological approach, an attempt is made to describe the methodological basis of the construct "addiction", based on the concept of "Jouissance" proposed in Lacan's works. The second vector that allows us to sanctify the nature of addictive behavior is the analysis of the nature of the relationship between the Other and one of the variants of the clinical structure of the personality (psychotic, neurotic, pervert). Based on the prepared analysis, the researchers conclude that each clinical personality structure has its own special arsenal of strategies for promoting pleasure and avoiding the act of castration.

DOI: 10.7256/2454-0722.2019.3.30532

Abstract: This article analyzes the conceptual moment of modern psychotherapy using the example of meditative practice in working with addictive behavior. The scientific and practical potential of implementation of meditative practices in modern psychotherapy is substantiated. The characteristics of cognitive construct of mindfulness are described. In a number of foreign and national works, mindfulness is viewed as the key mechanism of personal growth and individual wellbeing, as well as the leading instrument of psychotherapeutic practice that allows a person to avoid “absentminded life”, perceive reality consciously and purposively. The authors describe the key positions of Buddhist philosophy included by the foreign researchers into the space of cognitive-behavioral therapy, as well as analyze the accumulation of Eastern experience by the Western scientific traditions. The article displays the main therapeutic models implemented into the modern foreign therapeutic practice that were created on the basis of mindfulness: J. Kabat-Zinn “Mindfulness-Based Stress Reduction Program” (MBSR); J. Kristeller “Mindfulness-Based Eating Awareness Training” (MB-EAT). The authors examine the examples of empirical studies of using the practice of mindfulness in working with alcohol and drug addiction, as well as compulsive eating disorder.  

DOI: 10.7256/2454-0722.2019.1.29275

Abstract: The authors of the article discuss the scientific experience and possibility of applying the narrative approach to the analysis of the phenomenon of social representations. They analyze the content of the concepts and points of intersection between two traditions: the narrative approach and the concept of social representations; typical examples of empirical studies proposed by foreign authors at the interface of the narrative approach and the concept of social representations. The authors offer the main areas for further research, present and analyze cognitive structures developed in modern studies of social representations, "theme" and "cognitive polyphasia". Theoretical schemes for considering social representations with the help of narrative structures are described. The authors also analyze the studies of foreign authors who support the concept of social representations not familiar to the Russian-speaking reader such as J. Laszlo, R. Farr, V. Duaz, and S. Jovchelovitch. A theoretical model of considering social representations based on narrative structures is demonstrated. For the first time in Russian academic literature, a study examining the phenomenon of social representations through the prism of a narrative approach is presented. The points of intersection of the two approaches are described, and the unity of the general scientific sociocultural paradigm is demonstrated for considering narrative and social representations. The urgency and the scientific nature of the superposition of the narrative matrix on the structure of social representations is substantiated, microgenetic processes are identified which allows a detailed analysis of the internal mechanisms of social representations. 

DOI: 10.25136/2409-8701.2018.1.24412

Abstract: Modern narrative researches mostly focus on the phenomenon of narrative identity presenting it as a key construct. The purpose of this article is to shift the emphasis of research to the analysis of the narrative scheme which is described as a stable structure formed within the framework of personal experience. Psychological content of the narrative scheme is defined as personal purposes and actions in terms of one's personal narration. The author of the article proves her idea that the narrative scheme is a basic framework that contains mental and conceptual structures attributable to the narration and personality in general. The author of the article brings forth the idea of multidisciplinary scientific knowledge incorporating elements of modern schematology, narrative approach, psychology and linguistics. The author of the paper analyzes different approaches to the description of the narrative scheme and its main components. The study confirms the idea about the need to study sociocultural foundations of personal experience, revealing personal component in the social deterministic models. Analysis of narrative schemas reveals opportunities for exploration of personal motivation, goal setting process, personal characteristics of perception and understanding of social situations.