Духовные искания индийской интеллигенции и универсализация индуизма

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Abstract: The process of Hinduism’s universalization is depicted in the article as re-interpretation of Hindu tradition by intellectuals of the Indian Renaissance XIX– early XXth century. Author considers the interpretations by Rammohun Roy and his Brahmo Samaj, Prarthana Samaj, Swami Dayananda and his Arya Samaj, and also by Neo-Hindu thinkers Bankimchandra Chattopadhyay, Swami Vivekananda and Bal Gangadhar Tilak, as different variants of answers to key question of spiritual-intellectual searching on real essence of Hinduism. Based on phenomenological approach, the process is represented as dialogue of Hinduism and other religious – before all Christianity and Islam – and creating a concrete image of Hinduism as universal religion in Indian intellectual’s mind. The variants of the interpretations underlie the religious movements – reformist and neo-Hinduist. Author suggests, that in Bengal, Maharashtra and Punjab intellectual universalization of Hinduism had helped to ground the world status of the religion. The universalization had two variants. First was negative universalization from sharp critics of religious forms to grounding high monotheism and humanist ethics. Second was positive universalization based on accepting of all worship forms as different paths to Divine Absolute. Hinduism was symbolically depicted by intellectuals as universal world religion, the repository of highest truth for all humanity.

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