Abstract: Language is one of the main tools for communication between people, allowing to express our thoughts and feelings, as well as describe the world around us. Phraseology, as an integral part of any language, plays an important role in the transmission of cultural values and traditions of the people. One of the key groups of phraseological units are phraseological units with the semantic field "human appearance", which reflect ideas about beauty, ugliness, age and other characteristics of appearance. In this article, we will consider phraseological units with the semantics of "human appearance" using the example of Russian and Chinese languages. The relevance of this topic is due to the need to study and analyze phraseology as a means of expressing culture, mentality and national characteristics of peoples. In addition, the study of phraseological units in different languages allows to identify similarities and differences in the perception of certain concepts, as well as the peculiarities of translating these units into other languages. The subject of the study: phraseological units with the semantics of "human appearance" in Russian and Chinese. Methods: 1. analysis of scientific literature on the phraseology of the Russian and Chinese languages; 2. comparative analysis of phraseological units with the semantics of "human appearance" in Russian and Chinese; 3. study of examples of phraseological units and their translation into another language; 4. identification of similarities and differences between phraseological units in Russian and Chinese. Scientific novelty: for the first time, a comparative analysis of phraseological units with the semantics of "human appearance" in Russian and Chinese is carried out. The article identifies similarities and differences between these units, as well as examines the features of their translation from one language to another. Conclusions: 1. In Russian and Chinese, there are phraseological units with the meaning "human appearance", which play an important role in communicating and describing people. 2. Despite some similarities, phraseological units in the two languages have their own peculiarities in terms of structure, semantics and pragmatics. 3. The translation of phraseological units requires taking into account their connotations, cultural characteristics and historical context. 4. Phraseological units can serve as a source for studying cultural differences and interaction between peoples.

DOI: 10.25136/2409-8698.2024.4.70290

Abstract: The object of the study is the media of Afghanistan. The subject of the study is the genesis of methods for regulating the media system in Afghanistan. The article pays special attention to the formation of the media system of the modern period, which the authors have been defining since the end of 2021. Since the beginning of the 20th century, the media system of Afghanistan has been formed under the influence of the International Security Assistance Force (ISAF, acted in accordance with resolution No. 1386[39] The UN Security Council of December 20, 2001) and the desire to create a liberal democratic state in the understanding of the ISAF leadership. Freedom of speech, expression and the media, which were achieved during this period, has been under the control of the Interim Government of Afghanistan since August 2021. This article defines the methods used by the current government of Afghanistan to regulate the media system. The main method of research is the content analysis of documents and information on the practice of law enforcement, compliance with current legislation. Naturally, he could not be divorced from the method of systematization of information - the study of information objects. For the first time in the scientific literature, an empirical study is presented, which represents important material on the history of the media system of Afghanistan, its current state, and the analysis of legislative changes. The study seems to be significant and expands knowledge about the media in this region. For 20 years, the media system of Afghanistan has been formed under the influence of an international coalition led by the United States, which tried to create a liberal democratic state. It was based on a compromise of Western "democratic" and Islamic values, more pluralistic and free than before and after this period. In August 2021, another political force came to power, forming a state based on other principles, which began to exercise control over all spheres, including the media, taking Sharia norms as a basis. One of the conclusions of the study was the strengthening of the traditional identity of the state by the new political power, which was "shaken" by Western reforms. After coming to power, the interim Government of Afghanistan repealed the 2004 Constitution and the 2009 Media Law. The Law on Access to Information in 2019 has not been officially repealed, but it is not respected in the country. Thus, the transformation of the state's media system has begun in the country.

DOI: 10.25136/2409-8698.2024.4.40633

Abstract: The subject of this research is M. Akhmedov's literary reflections and his poetic works dedicated to Russian writers and Russian poetry. The purpose of this article is to present a picture of the development of artistic reflections on Russian poetry in the works of M. Akhmedov. The concept of the article is based on the material of works related to Russian literature and Dagestan-Russian literary relations. Introducing into the study a part of artistic reflections related to Russian poetry, we set ourselves the task of defining and identifying the principles and techniques of artistic expressiveness and figurativeness of M. Akhmedov, serving to embody the national and international character of his artistic thinking. The methodological basis of this research is based on the analysis of artistic works and is designed to determine the following research methods: comparative-historical, through which the nature of M. Akhmedov's literary connections is interpreted as an artistic phenomenon that has passed certain historical stages and is developing to the modern stage; comparative, which allowed to compare the ideological and artistic significance of Russian writers in the person of his predecessors and like-minded people; a method of holistic analysis of a literary work, which made it possible to determine the specifics of the evolution of M. Akhmedov's artistic thinking and its connection with the history of national and Russian literature. The results of the study can serve as a promising support for further study of Dagestan-Russian literary relations, as well as M. Akhmedov's artistic creativity in the context of the national and international literary process. Russian poetry and poets The scientific novelty of the study is due to the fact that the analysis of the works of M. Akhmedov devoted to Russian poetry and Russian poets was undertaken for the first time. The obtained results have shown that M. Akhmedov's artistic reflections on Russian poetry make it possible to highlight the role and significance of Dagestan-Russian literary ties.

DOI: 10.25136/2409-8698.2024.4.70295

Abstract: The wealth of every independent and sovereign country is the abundance of language on its territory, in which the nationalities living there can freely use their languages. In addition to the State language, there are more than 15 languages spoken by ethnic minorities in the Republic of Azerbaijan. In addition to the languages of ethnic minorities, the population of the country uses other foreign languages, which are included in the group of world languages. The objects of research in this article are foreign languages and their relationship to the state language. The legislative acts adopted to regulate the language vector in the country are the subject of research. The author describes in detail and highlights the legislative bodies and government structures that play a crucial role in the development of language policy in the country. In the course of studying language policy, one cannot do without considering the following two main sociolinguistic terms: language regulation and language planning, which are of the nature of state or social impact on the functioning or development of languages in the state. The author mainly used the theoretical method in the study of the article, and also conducted a general analysis of the data. The conclusions are based on legal methods, as well as sociolinguistic methods (statistical and expert assessments). The necessary information in the field of the current language policy in the country was obtained during the analysis of legal documents. Foreign languages of global importance are in great demand among young people, increasingly studying these languages, they delve into the origins of this language, study the history of this country and through this prism the phenomenon of acculturation through language is observed. The author considers in more detail the status of the state language both de jure and de facto, and also considers in detail the position of the most widespread foreign languages in the republic. The language reforms carried out in the Republic of Azerbaijan mainly serve to strengthen the role of the Azerbaijani language as the state language and have the character of linguistic purism. Despite the ongoing reforms in the field of strengthening the state language, we are also considering a balanced language policy with regard to other languages existing on the territory of the Republic of Azerbaijan, the purpose of which is to preserve linguistic pluralism.

DOI: 10.25136/2409-8698.2024.4.70312

Abstract: The subject of the study is the historical changes in the syntactic structure of the German language; the object of the study is articles. The authors consider in detail the use of definite, indefinite and null articles based on the material of a fragment of the Gospel of Luke, which were published in various periods of the German language: the text of Tatiana, translated by Martin Luther, made in 1545; an adapted version of Luther's translation, published in 2017 and a lightweight electronic version created as a result of deviation from the canonical translation. Particular attention is paid to the frequency of use of articles, the reasons for the increase or decrease in their use, as well as other means of determination. It is established that modern electronic text shows a tendency to decrease nominal groups, which, accordingly, leads to a decrease in articles. The tendency to decrease the zero article is manifested by the early Upper German period; in modern German, there is a displacement of the definite article. The methodological basis is based on a systematic approach to the interpretation of the phenomena of linguistic ontology in diachrony. The research methods are comparative historical analysis, the method of distributive analysis, quantitative analysis, methods of N. Chomsky's theory of control and binding. The main conclusions of the proposed study are the revealed historical processes in the system of articles of the German language. It was found that at an early stage of language development, the zero article dominated in texts, which significantly narrowed the manifestation of determination. The main burden during this period fell on possessive nominal groups, which primarily included proper names. The definite article was used much less frequently. In nominal groups that are part of the prepositional group, the zero article was mainly used, which eventually led to the creation of stable prepositional constructions with a zero article. The largest number of all types of articles falls on Luther's translation adapted to the modern grammatical structure of the German language, which is associated with the maximum use of nominal groups. What is new is the establishment in modern German of a tendency to reduce the zero and definite articles.

DOI: 10.25136/2409-8698.2024.4.70345

Abstract: The subject of the study is the semantic and functional features of the lexico-semantic group of verbs denoting interpersonal relations in the Russian and Chinese languages. The verbal vocabulary representing the category of relationship describes the relationships that arise between people in the form of feelings, judgments and appeals to each other in the course of everyday life. The purpose of the proposed article is to identify the semantic and functional features of the verbs of the lexico-semantic group of interpersonal relations in the system of Russian and Chinese languages. The study revealed similarities and differences in the meaning of these verbs. As the analysis showed, some Chinese verbs do not match the meaning of the verbs of the Russian language. This article also examines the types of semantic changes in the semantic structure of the verbal word form functioning in the context. The main method of studying this group of verbs in Russian and Chinese is the comparative method. The descriptive method and the functional-semantic method, as well as the method of component analysis, were used in the selection and use of linguistic material. The scientific novelty of the study lies in the fact that the verbs of interpersonal relations are still insufficiently studied on the materials of the Russian and Chinese languages. The results of the research can be used in the practice of teaching university courses in such disciplines as cognitive linguistics, linguoculturology, and intercultural communication. The study allows us to conclude that the verbs of interpersonal relationships are quite often used in both languages. The meanings of Chinese and Russian verbs are not always equivalent. Their semantic structures may also differ. The analysis of interlanguage gaps reveals the presence of incomplete lexical correspondence to a foreign word. Some verbal lexicons express interpersonal relationships in their direct meanings, while others develop this ability as a result of semantic modulation and semantic derivation. Interpersonal relationships can be expressed by verbs from other lexico-semantic groups, acquiring the semantics of interpersonal relationships in the context. In conclusion, we note that expressions of interpersonal relationships can also be verb-noun combinations, which, when analyzing various specifiers in the context, indicate the reasons for a positive or negative attitude towards a person.

DOI: 10.25136/2409-8698.2024.4.70410

Abstract: The study of digital humour and meme culture as a complex phenomenon, given the growing consumption and popularity of memes, especially among digital technology speakers, coupled with the scarcity of scholarly attention and research on this topic in Iran, has become increasingly relevant. This article focuses on the complex interplay between memes, culture and technology. By analysing the integral role of humour in Iranian digital culture, the study aims to explore the nature and functions of Iranian meme culture. The analysis shows that Iranian digital humour and meme culture function as a platform for equal opportunities to laugh, challenge established cultural norms and question prevailing ideologies. The research methodology is based on the reproduction of gender conventions and power hierarchies in Iran through internet memes. The methods applied are: content analysis, distributive and comparative. The study also builds on Bakhtin's concept of "chronotope" in multimodal analysis of memes common among Iranian immigrants. The novelty of the study lies in the fact that it makes a valuable contribution to the field of journalism and media studies, highlighting the importance of understanding the role of humour and memes in shaping public perception and navigating complex ideological landscapes, as well as the ways in which memes can be used to disrupt or alter these dynamics. The results of the analysis of Iranian digital humour and memes show that meme culture functions as a means to combat inequalities in power and status. In addition, the study demonstrated the Iranian population's reinterpretation of the immigrant experience, thereby reaffirming and refining their hybrid identity as transnational Iranians. This process unfolds through the recreation of different spatio-temporal configurations within the meme.

DOI: 10.25136/2409-8698.2024.4.70435

Abstract: The subject of the study is the concept of "Bogatyrstvo" and its structural and semantic features. Bogatyrstvo is inextricably linked with the hero and with the plot of epics. In epics, it is perceived as a concept-script, that is, it is formed in the process of the entire narrative. However, the original structure of the concept is presented as a conceptual field of meanings inscribed in a more complex structural formation – the ethical concept of "Courage". The relevance of the research is dictated by the high precedent of the name of the concept and its dominant verbalizers. The semantic field of the concept is explored in etymological, historical and topical layers. The main semantic load of the etymological layer of the concept is formed in the Church Slavonic language. The historical layer is vividly represented in the dictionaries of the XIX and XX centuries, the latter captures the limitation of the "existence" of the concept by the genre of epic. The actual layer is revealed in the process of studying the consciousness of modern students. The purpose of the article is to identify the reference points (slots) that formed the basis of the concept. A special contribution of the authors and the novelty of the study is the conduct of a semantic experiment, which established that in the minds of modern native speakers, the concept Bogatyrstvo, for which analysis methods were used (analysis of dictionary definitions and contextual analysis of epics), semantic analysis (the "supporting" semantic shares of the concept of "Bogatyrstvo" were identified, their key verbalizers were highlighted) and the method of semantic experiment to identify the modern perception of the concept. The main conclusions of the study: 1) the concept of "Bogatyrstvo" has a static frame structure and a field structure, including slots "spiritual strength" and "physical strength". Spiritual strength lies in the constant readiness to stand up for the motherland as a manifestation of true courage and heroism; in the fate of the hero-defender, ordained from above; in the Christian faith. The physical strength of the hero is, as it were, the personification of the whole strength of the Russian people, given by God. 2) These slots are present in the epics in the dynamic structure of the script: the slot "physical force" unfolds to the whole epic action; the slot "spiritual force" is expressed through the entire epic narrative – this is the very motivation for action. A special contribution of the authors and the novelty of the study is the conduct of a semantic experiment, which established that in the minds of modern native speakers, the concept of "Bogatyrstvo" is presented statically and includes both slots, with the predominance of the slot "spiritual power".

DOI: 10.25136/2409-8698.2024.4.70455

Abstract: The subject of the study is the analysis and improvement of methods for determining the relevance of project names to the information content of purchases using large language models. The object of the study is a database containing the names of projects and purchases in the field of electric power industry, collected from open sources. The author examines in detail such aspects of the topic as the use of TF-IDF and cosine similarity metrics for primary data filtering, and also describes in detail the integration and evaluation of the effectiveness of large language models such as GigaChat, GPT-3.5, and GPT-4 in text data matching tasks. Special attention is paid to the methods of clarifying the similarity of names based on reflection introduced into the prompta of large language models, which makes it possible to increase the accuracy of data comparison. The study uses TF-IDF and cosine similarity methods for primary data analysis, as well as large GigaChat, GPT-3.5 and GPT-4 language models for detailed verification of the relevance of project names and purchases, including reflection in model prompta to improve the accuracy of results. The novelty of the research lies in the development of a combined approach to determining the relevance of project names and purchases, combining traditional methods of processing text information (TF-IDF, cosine similarity) with the capabilities of large language models. A special contribution of the author to the research of the topic is the proposed methodology for improving the accuracy of data comparison by clarifying the results of primary selection using GPT-3.5 and GPT-4 models with optimized prompta, including reflection. The main conclusions of the study are confirmation of the prospects of using the developed approach in the tasks of information support for procurement processes and project implementation, as well as the possibility of using the results obtained for the development of text data mining systems in various sectors of the economy. The study showed that the use of language models makes it possible to improve the value of the F2 measure to 0.65, which indicates a significant improvement in the quality of data comparison compared with basic methods.

DOI: 10.25136/2409-8698.2024.4.70403

Abstract: This article is devoted to the study of the images of the main characters of the novel, representing the author's complex view of the pre-Soviet period of Russian history, the First World War and the Revolution. Each character is characterized by his own system of ideological coordinates that form the picture of the world in the novel, expressing the national and cultural consciousness of the era. The character's deep characterization is based on a value paradigm, the constituent elements of which are attitude to nature, religion, homeland, and war. It is considered how these value characteristics are reflected in the life position of each character represented in the novel.The purpose of the article is to consider the system of images in A. Varlamov's novel "The Mental Wolf". The need to consider this problem is determined by the general literary position that the author's idea of life is expressed through a system of characters. The author uses the following research methods: comparative, hermeneutical and comparative typological. With the help of a systematic approach, an analytical study of images is provided. The analysis of the image system in the novel allowed us to correlate the images with the compositional structure of the work, to consider their position in the chronotope, to determine the characterological conflict in the novel. As the analysis made it possible to determine, the characters of Varlamov's novel form a system. Its main feature is the complex connections between the characters. The system of images in the novel is based on the idea of their attraction – repulsion. Relevance is seen in addressing one of the key problems of literary criticism based on the work of a modern author. It is established that complex connections of attraction, repulsion and pair interaction are established between the characters of the novel, which ultimately allows us to talk about a complex ideological concept of the novel depicting a person and his spiritual world in an era of changing social, cultural and political paradigms.

DOI: 10.25136/2409-8698.2024.4.70437

Abstract: The subject of the study is the lexical and semantic features of Russian zoosemisms characterizing the internal signs of a person. The object of the study is Russian zoosemisms, that is, secondary names of persons motivated by animal names (zoonyms). The paper examines the relationship between the primary meanings of animals and their metaphorical zoosemic meanings; the interaction of metaphorical connections and cultural representations in language; and the potential for the development of zoosemisms in the Russian language. The author examines in detail such aspects of the topic as zoosemisms reflecting the internal characteristics of a person and directly related to the zoonyms motivating them; zoosemisms reflecting the internal features of a person and indirectly related to the zoonyms motivating them. Special attention is paid to the analysis of possible sources of zoosemisms, which are indirectly related to the zoonyms motivating them, as well as their stability in the psychological state of native Russian speakers. The following methods are used in the study: descriptive, component analysis, comparative analysis, as well as the method of continuous sampling of material. The novelty of this work lies in an in-depth analysis of a specific subgroup of zoosemisms; identification of various connections between zoonyms and zoosemisms motivated by them; as well as in highlighting the special role of zoosemisms in the linguistic picture of the world of Russian speakers. The results of the study confirm the complexity and diversity of the connections between zoonyms and the zoosemisms motivated by them, many of which are directly related to the cultural, historical and phraseological aspects of the Russian language. The zoosemisms ram, gad, beetle, fox, turkey exist as stronger cultural elements, and are steadily present in the minds of native speakers of the Russian language. The zoosemisms sparrow, goose, animal, dog, creature, chicken are in the status of dynamic development. The source of zoosemisms can be phraseologically related meanings of the corresponding animal (zoosemisms goat, sheep, donkey, rooster); metaphorical meanings of the corresponding masculine animal (zoosemisms gadina, fox/fox, donkey/donkey, bitch); metaphorical meanings associated with the species or family of the corresponding animal (zoosemisms barbosa, tigress, shiloh tail). This analysis enriches the understanding of the mechanisms of metaphor formation in the Russian language and can serve as a basis for further linguistic research, as well as methods of teaching Russian to foreign students.

DOI: 10.25136/2409-8698.2024.4.70481

Abstract: The article is devoted to the study of speech strategies and tactics in the slogan of television food advertising. The slogan as an element of the advertising text plays a significant role in influencing the consciousness and behavior of the addressee. Slogans implement various speech strategies and tactics to ensure the success of advertising communication. The difficulty of studying this phenomenon lies in a short formulation with great strategic potential and its uncertain relationship with the main text of television advertising. The relevance of this study is related to the importance of the slogan in the advertising text and the prospects for studying speech strategies and tactics in the slogan of television food advertising. The article aims to identify the features of speech strategies and tactics in the slogan of television food advertising. The method of linguistic and pragmatic analysis was used in the work, which makes it possible to identify speech strategies and tactics in the slogan of television advertising of food products and describe the linguistic features of their implementation. The novelty of the research lies in a comprehensive examination of speech strategies and tactics in the slogan, taking into account the main advertising text. As a result of the analysis, corporate slogan, product slogan and festive slogan were highlighted in television advertising. The slogans of television food advertising highlight presentation strategy, convincing strategy, persuading strategy and reminiscent strategy, as well as tactics and techniques within the framework of relevant strategies. The linguistic means of verbalization of techniques used within the framework of appropriate speech strategies and tactics in television advertising of food are described. The correlation of their implementation with the main advertising text has been established. The slogan of a TV advertisement usually implements several strategies and tactics at the same time. The implementation of the convincing strategy in a product slogan is relevant to the main advertising text. The implementation of other strategies in the slogan is not related to the main advertising text.

DOI: 10.25136/2409-8698.2024.4.70472

Abstract: The subject of this study is the data and methods used in the task of automatic recognition of emotions in spoken speech. This task has gained great popularity recently, primarily due to the emergence of large datasets of labeled data and the development of machine learning models. The classification of speech utterances is usually based on 6 archetypal emotions: anger, fear, surprise, joy, disgust and sadness. Most modern classification methods are based on machine learning and transformer models using a self-learning approach, in particular, models such as Wav2vec 2.0, HuBERT and WavLM, which are considered in this paper. English and Russian datasets of emotional speech, in particular, the datasets Dusha and RESD, are analyzed as data. As a method, an experiment was conducted in the form of comparing the results of Wav2vec 2.0, HuBERT and WavLM models applied to the relatively recently collected Russian datasets of emotional speech Dusha and RESD. The main purpose of the work is to analyze the availability and applicability of available data and approaches to recognizing emotions in speech for the Russian language, for which relatively little research has been conducted up to this point. The best result was demonstrated by the WavLM model on the Dusha dataset - 0.8782 dataset according to the Accuracy metric. The WavLM model also received the best result on the RESD dataset, while preliminary training was conducted for it on the Dusha - 0.81 dataset using the Accuracy metric. High classification results, primarily due to the quality and size of the collected Dusha dataset, indicate the prospects for further development of this area for the Russian language.

DOI: 10.25136/2409-8698.2024.4.70511

Abstract: The topic of media analysis of information wars in the context of the Chinese issue is of academic interest, both for understanding current events and for improving information analysis methods and media strategies. The article assesses the influence of media on China's behavior in the information war, characterizes the challenges associated with media analysis in China's information war, describes methods and metrics for analyzing media content about the information war in China. Information technologies at the current level of development create broad opportunities for managing political conflicts both on the scale of one state and at the regional level. These technologies, which are actively used in information wars, have a number of advantages over traditional means of struggle due to their massive impact on the moral and psychological state of the population of the enemy country or individual parties, movements and political associations. The article uses a discourse analysis of the media text, identifies expressive linguistic means, the semantic meaning of words and expressions, and the communicative orientation of the text. The empirical basis of the research is the article "Celestial Truth: who and why is waging an information war with the PRC". The main conclusion of the study is that modern technologies and social media have become a powerful tool for influencing public opinion and shaping the perspective of events. The information war in China has a global impact, attracting the attention of the international community. Global media and international platforms actively monitor and cover events in the region, which can influence the perception of the conflict beyond its borders. The impact of the information war has a significant impact on public opinion. There is the use of various methods, including fake news, disinformation, to influence public sentiment and views. The Chinese concept of network warfare opens up further prospects and opportunities for the Chinese leadership and military specialists to work on the creation and implementation of the latest technology samples.

DOI: 10.25136/2409-8698.2024.4.70516

Abstract: The research aims to conduct a comparative analysis of self-mention, particularly the usage of self-mention ‘we’, as a means of academic persuasion between Chinese linguistic MA novices and linguistic experts. Self-mentions serve various rhetorical functions in academic persuasion. However, for second language writers, mastering these rhetorical functions represents an advanced writing skill, which is contingent upon a proficient command of the structural aspects of self-mention phrases. In light of this issue, this study undertakes a collocation and chunk analysis. The objective is to analyze the collocation characteristics and chunk features of self-mention ‘we’ in international journal articles (ILJA_C) and Chinese MA theses (CLMA_C). This objective informs the choice of the research subject – identifying similarities and differences in the utilization of self-mention ‘we’ in two databases: ILJA_C and CLMA_C. This study’s methodology utilizes a corpus-driven approach alongside comparative academic discourse analysis within academic writing. The novelty of this research lies in its investigation of the collocation characteristics and chunk features of self-mention ‘we’ in CLMA_C and ILJA_C. This study represents a substantial contribution to the fields of second language acquisition and comparative linguistics by enhancing our understanding of self-mention in academic persuasion. Findings reveal significant disparities in the usage of ‘we’ between Chinese MA novices and linguistic experts. Novices tend to focus on constructing discourse logic, whereas experts prioritize establishing academic positions. Analysis of chunk structures exposes varying approaches to discourse and interpersonal functions, underscoring the necessity for novices to emulate expert usage patterns.

DOI: 10.25136/2409-8698.2024.4.70552

Abstract: The subject of the study is the semantic change of a word as a way to create a comic effect in the Internet communication. The object of the research in the article is Internet memes. Special attention is paid in the article to new ways of creating a comic effect, which the authors of memes find against the background of an increase in the level of intra-genre competition. Comic genres of Internet communication are becoming a kind of thesaurus reflecting the current state of the Russian language and the changes that have occurred in it. Nevertheless, the novelty and dynamic change of linguistic trends in the speech comic genres of Internet communication suggest an insufficient theoretical justification of the problem, which determines the relevance of this work. To establish the methods used to create a comic effect, methods of analyzing dictionary definitions and contextual analysis of lexical units in the meme (including the influence of the non-verbal component) were applied. The main conclusions of the study: 1) there are a number of ways to create a comic effect based on a semantic change of a word; 2) certain features (conditions) of using these methods increase their effectiveness: the ambiguity of lexemes, the assignment of an essential role to the non-verbal component of a meme, the colloquial or slang character of the actualized meaning, the presence of a token, the recognition of verbal and non-verbal components, intentional violation of spelling rules. A special contribution of the authors and the novelty of the research is the study of ways to create a comic effect (based on semantic word change) in the genre of an Internet meme, including a non-verbal component that has a special effect on the recipient's perception of information.

DOI: 10.25136/2409-8698.2024.4.70554

Abstract: The subject of the study is the linguistic features of the Slavic translation of the Epitomies by Konstantin Armenopoul, performed by Epiphanius Slavinetsky. The object of study was the translation itself, presented in several major manuscripts. The work on the Epitomies belongs to one of the early works of Epiphanius in Moscow, since the Kiev scribe began it in 1652-1653. In the course of the analysis, we considered both the earliest discovered lists of "Epitomies" and the latest (up to the end of the XIX – beginning XX centuries), however, the most important textual and linguistic material is presented in the following lists: Usp. 91, GIM – a draft of the hand of Epiphany Slavinetsky; Und. 40, RGB – records of active editorial editing; Sin. 129, GIM – the final version, rewritten by Euphemia Monstrosky. The work uses the linguotextological method, as well as methods of continuous sampling, analytical observation and comparison of the Slavic text with the original in Greek. The novelty of the study consists in the introduction into scientific circulation of lists that have not been studied by researchers in the linguistic aspect before. The analysis of the Epitomium material not only makes it possible to reconstruct the history of the text, but also has fundamental linguistic significance. It makes it possible to summarize the general and highlight the differences in the linguistic features of Epiphanius Slavinetsky and his pupil Euphemia Chudovsky. Thus, the author of the translation, Epiphany Slavinetsky, and the editor, Euphemia Chudovsky, have different linguistic orientations – the first relies more on Slavic grammars, and for the second it is important to convey the Greek original as accurately as possible, which also leads to the elimination of regionalisms characteristic of the Ukrainian-Belarusian translation of Church Slavonic, and the Grecization of the text.

DOI: 10.25136/2409-8698.2024.4.70592

Abstract: The article examines the loanwords from the autochthonous languages of South Asia and (or) regional variants of English into the Inner Circle English (according to Br. Kachru) – ayah, baboo / babu, baksheesh, feringhee / feringhi / ferinji / firanghi, gooroo / guru, maharaja / maharajah, maharani, maharishi, mahatma, mandarin, mantra, pagoda – and their role in expanding doublet pairs in contemporary English. The topicality of the study is due to the replenishment of the class of etymological doublets as a result of extensive borrowing process from the languages of the postcolonial space into pluricentric English due to increased population mobility, dispatriation, growing bilingualism, and expansion of global contacts. The scientific novelty is explained by the insufficiently studied subject of the research – the distinctive features of new doublets (native word vs. loanword, loanword vs. loanword) and the dynamics of their usage in contemporary English. The continuous sampling, statistical, descriptive methods are used in order to determine the role of culture-loaded loanwords in expansion of rows of etymological doublets. The major conclusions of the conducted research can be summed up as follows. The conditions for the formation of etymological doublets can be classified into mandatory (etymological similarity, i.e. relation to the same etymon: *awo-; *bhag-; *gwere-; *meg-; *men-; *pəter-; *preg-, *pregn-; *ten-;) and additional (acceptable graphical, phonetic, morphological variation and semantic identity). The study of empirical material allows us to identify trends towards, firstly, maximum divergence of the components of etymological doublet pairs and, secondly, increased frequency of culture-loaded loanwords due to the development of polysemy, strengthening of word-formation potential, formation of syntagmatic connections and inclusion in paradigmatic relations. Using the example of etymological doublets, one can trace the formal (mainly phonetic) and functional (mainly semantic) evolution of prototype words in donor languages.

DOI: 10.25136/2409-8698.2024.4.70584

Abstract: The subject of the article is the peculiarities in the formation of genre trends in the work of Valery Bryusov. Author pays attention to Bryusov's appeal to supercycles-catalogs, which occur when the evolution or transformation of the genre is carried out in several collections. Among such genre supercycles-catalogs, the genre of the poem-"monument", or historical and mythological medallion, stands out. This genre can take different forms from Bryusov (lyrical ecphrasis, the poem -"glory", which combined various types of genres). In this context is also considered the issue of continuity and transformation of the lyrical genres of World and Russian literature in the Bryusov's work. In the proposed article, the author aims to identify the features and nature of the interaction of traditional and non-traditional genre formations in Bryusov's poetry. The author uses systematic-typological and structural-semiotic, as well as comparative-historical and cultural-historical methods and focuses on the works of M. L. Gasparov and L. G. Kikhney as a methodological base. The novelty of the research lies in the study of the genre in Bryusov's lyrics as a changeable category that undergoes changes and transformations in the poet's work. The article draws following conclusions: 1) the formation of sections of Bryusov's lyrics was carried out not only on the content side, but also on genre affiliation; 2) large-volume supercycles-catalogs created by Bryusov was almost a new phenomenon for the Russian literary tradition; 3) the poem-"monument" as a genre of the supercycle -catalog often takes different forms in Bryusov's work; 4) mythological and historical portraits reflected in the poems-"monuments" originate in sculptural images of great people; 5) poems-"glory", in turn, includes various genre types (for example, requiem and testament).

DOI: 10.25136/2409-8698.2024.4.40065

Abstract: The subject of this article is the views of Chinese netizens on the "Russian-Ukrainian conflict". The object of the study is posts about this topic on the Chinese social network "Weibo". The authors analyze the importance, functions of the Weibo in the production of public opinion and its main opinion leaders. Then the article examines the number of posts in month (15.02-15.03) compared to other international events and makes a content analysis of posts to find out the main topics and the attitude of users on the social network "Weibo" to the "Russian-Ukrainian conflict". At the end of the article, authors learn the relationship of the research results with stereotypes about the image of Russia in China. The results of the study show that Chinese Weibo users began to care about the event from the beginning of a special military operation, but interest faded with the first round of negotiations between Russia and Ukraine. Chinese Weibo users pay attention to the role of the United States in the conflict and Western sanctions against Russia. They mainly reflect support for the Russian economy and opposition to Western sanctions, which also affects the Chinese government's statement on this event. The article considers that such views are closely connected with stereotypes about the image of Russia in China. The results of the study show that in future international events, the peoples of Russia and China have more opportunities to reach agreement.

DOI: 10.25136/2409-8698.2024.4.70396

Abstract: The subject of the research is the materials of advertising campaigns of brands-manufacturers of chewing gums Wrigley's (1930) and Dirol (2008). The object of the research is the specificity of the advertising narrative in the context of an appeal to the optical language of communication. The authors examines in detail such aspects of the topic as the narrative structure of the advertising text and visual means of presenting visual images. Special attention is paid to the dynamic context of the visual turn, as well as the main aesthetic characteristics of advertising materials at different historical stages. The subject of this article is considered from the point of view of changing the communicative paradigm, mixing verbal and optical on the screen plane. The main directions related to the new visual reality are noted, thanks to which the importance of aesthetics is determined, the degree of its influence on current media text formats. The research methodology is based on general scientific methods of working with media text, in particular on descriptive and contrastive methods. Also, within the framework of the subject analysis, a range of general philological methods is used, including transformational, contextual and semantic-stylistic methods. The novelty of the research lies in the articulation of the aesthetic components of the analysis of a modern advertising product. The main conclusions of the study are the observation and interpretation of the motive of duality within the advertising narrative, as well as the syncretic nature of the iconic image and the subjective perception of the viewer. The media text appears as a means of releasing the image from the external field and integrating it into the aesthetic experience of the recipient. The authors' special contribution to the research of the topic is the generalization of two key dimensions of the advertising text (narrative, visual) and the formulation of objective criteria that allow us to detect patterns in advertising narratives (repeatability of the plot, variability of visual means, identity of advertising objects, the presence of sufficient historical distance). The possible directions of future research on visual turn in various industries, including television and cinema, are emphasized.

DOI: 10.25136/2409-8698.2024.4.70436

Abstract: Due to the growing number of online courses, authors have to use more and more speech impact techniques in promotional videos to attract listeners and induce them to take action. Advertising video, being an independent speech genre, having a stable composition and certain content, as well as a set of specific linguistic features, requires special study. The aim of the study is to identify the optimal linguistic techniques of RW in the final part of the promotional video for online courses accompanying linguistic educational resources. 117 promotional videos for Massive Open Online Courses in Russian language posted on the open platform were used for the analysis. The main methods and techniques used are: the method of scientific description and stylistic and contextual analysis. The techniques used in the final part of the speech were singled out, their quantitative analysis was carried out: 1) invitation of the listener to the course, 2) appeal to the goal of the listener or the goal of the online course, 3) appeal to quotations, 4) generalizing conclusion, 5) humorous ending, 6) advice for listeners, 7) containing a call to action, 8) farewell. The scientific novelty of the study lies in the fact that 1) for the first time the promotional video for online courses is considered as a complex communicative discourse, i.e. the synthesis of advertising and educational discourse; 2) for the first time the methods of speech impact in promotional videos for online courses are studied. Promotional videos for online courses presented on the platform "Education in Russian" contain a certain set of RW techniques, mainly used in the final part of the video and characterized by a specific set of linguistic means (mainly verbs) that can be embodied in the speech genres of "Advice" and "Wishes".

DOI: 10.25136/2409-8698.2024.4.70300

Abstract: This paper examines several important translations of the play from the play's first appearance in China in 1930 to the present day, as well as research and analyses of the play by Chinese scholars. The author uses comparative-typological, comparative-historical, and interpretive methods as the leading research methods. Through the comparative-historical method the dependence between the socio-cultural conditions of the state and the peculiarities of the work's reception is established. The difference in the viewpoints of literary scholars and critics on the poetics and imagery of the play is explicated by the author of the work through the use of comparative-typological method. The scientific novelty of the research lies in the fact that some articles and books by Chinese critics and literary critics considering the peculiarities of the figurative structure and ideological content of A. P. Chekhov's play "Uncle Vanya" are the first to be included in the research turnover, allowing to establish the dependence of the perception of the work by Chinese readers on the socio-cultural conditions of the country. As a result, the author has shown that the perception of "Uncle Vanya" in China is closely connected with the social and political factors of the country, changing over time. The study showed that in the 21st century, more and more attention is paid to the artistic and literary aspects of the work.

DOI: 10.25136/2409-8698.2024.4.70348

Abstract: In the era of globalization and cultural interaction, the themes of national identity and historical trauma gain prominence in literature. Vasily Shukshin, an esteemed Russian writer and filmmaker, adeptly addresses these themes through his portrayal of the Russian countryside and the lives of ordinary people. His works provide a deep understanding of cultural interactions and the effects of globalization on individuals and society. Shukshin explores complex issues of human existence, such as the search for meaning, the struggle to preserve tradition, and resistance to cultural assimilation. His storytelling offers valuable insights into contemporary global challenges, making his work highly relevant for literary studies.This article presents a literary analysis of Vasily Shukshin's short stories, with a focus on how themes of national identity and historical trauma influence the narrative and character development. The research is innovative in its approach, intertwining these themes to assess their impact on character formation and plot progression. It highlights Shukshin's significant contributions to Russian literature and his role in elucidating Russian national identity and historical memory.The study finds that national identity in Shukshin's works is deeply intertwined with the culture and traditions of the Russian village, while historical trauma reflects the repercussions of significant events on individuals' lives and consciousness. The interaction of these themes forms unique life stories of the characters, allowing for a deeper understanding of the Russian psyche and its connection to the past. This analysis underscores the importance of Shukshin's works in the context of Russian literature and their contribution to the understanding of Russian national identity and historical memory.

DOI: 10.25136/2409-8698.2024.4.70314

Abstract: Despite the large number of literary works written, there are still debates in determining the genre structure of the historical novel and the features of its poetics. This is apparently due to the fact that for most experts the focus should traditionally be on history, and not on genre theory. Authors of historical novels help recreate historical images of the past, allowing readers to see the world through the eyes of people who lived in other eras. The historical novel can be both an entertaining genre and a tool for the study of history, stimulating interest in the past and raising important questions about how people lived and acted in different times. Different points of view allow us to better understand the versatility of the genre and its influence both on literature and on the understanding of history and life. The author used the technique of “new historicism” literature. Along with the canons of the historical novel of the 19th century, B. Unsworth resorts to the traditional techniques of the historiographical meta-novel of the postmodern era. This novel represents a new approach to the genre of historical fiction, different from the traditional Walterscottian one. The new historical novel and metaphysical mystery can be viewed through the lens of the new historical novel, which focuses on the historical aspects of the story, accurately recreating the setting of a specific era with each fictional character and event, and taking the reader back to the reality of the 14th century. The murder investigation is an important element of the novel's plot, but it only makes sense if the setting of the era in which everything takes place is recreated. Medieval drama plays an important role here, especially the author's transformation from religious to secular drama. Transformation of genre form is a characteristic feature of modern literature. Barry Unsworth's novels are interesting in that they synthesize several genre combinations and at the same time reproduce aspects of the formation of a new genre for its time – morality tales.

DOI: 10.25136/2409-8698.2024.4.40719

Abstract: The article is devoted to an analytical review of ambiguously defined terms and commonly used lexical units related to the mental sphere, which linguists use to some extent. The article reveals in detail the problem of the importance of the strictest possible definitions for such vocabulary when it is used both in linguistic texts and in general in the texts of humanitarian studies. In order to accurately formulate definitions for the twenty lexical units listed in the introduction, the main part of the article provides an independent analysis of basic psychological and semiotic concepts based on current anthropological knowledge. For each of the twenty lexical units, a strict definition is independently formulated. In a number of cases, detailed comments are given on the expected degree of accuracy of the definition, on the shortcomings of possible alternative definitions, on the ambiguity of the lexical unit, etc. In addition to independent definitions of some lexical units, definitions already existing in scientific circulation are given, which are evaluated in the article as successful. At the end of the analytical review, a model of speech communication is formulated in the form of a scheme, based on the conclusions made in the review. The practical orientation of the review is the preparation of a fundamental theoretical basis for a Ph.D. research devoted to the compilation of an original lexical thesaurus for machine sentiment analysis.

DOI: 10.25136/2409-8698.2024.4.70547

Abstract: This article is devoted to the study of complex structures of simple sentences in Russian and Chinese diplomatic documents of the late XX - early XXI century in order to identify similarities and differences. The main purpose of the work is to identify similarities and differences in the complex structure of simple sentences in Russian and Chinese, as well as to analyze the causes of their occurrence. The article analyzes the various structures of simple sentences in Russian and Chinese, identifies differences and similarities in the complex structure of simple sentences in diplomatic documents of both countries. The factors influencing the formation of these structures were also identified. Special attention is paid not only to the style of the documents, but also to the specifics of the language itself. The research material was bilingual documents from the period from 1994 to 2023, collected from the websites of the Ministries of Foreign Affairs of Russia and China. Transformational, structural and comparative methods are appropriate in the analysis of the material. The novelty of the research lies in the initial comparative analysis of the structure of simple sentences in diplomatic documents of the two countries, taking into account the linguistic features of the Russian and Chinese languages.The results of the study showed that although complex structures of simple sentences are widespread in diplomatic documents of both countries, the results of the study showed that the structures themselves and the factors of their formation differ. Comparative analysis allows for a better understanding of the unique features and peculiarities of the languages of each cultural tradition, which can be useful for various fields related to intercultural interaction and diplomatic communication. The results obtained can be applied in linguistics, translation studies, intercultural communication and diplomacy for a deeper understanding of linguistic expressiveness and communicative strategies in diplomatic practice.

DOI: 10.25136/2409-8698.2024.4.69862

Abstract: The image of the mother is a constant of the world culture, and therefore it can be found in almost any national literature. The research material of this study is the work of the American fantasy writer George Martin. The object of the study is the image of the mother in the novel “A Game of Thrones” from the cycle “A Song of Ice and Fire”. This series of novels has been positively reviewed by critics and warmly received by readers. In this study, the author refers to the image of the mother and conducts a practical analysis of the female characters represented in the novel. Three protagonists representing the above mentioned image of mother were analyzed. The novelist aims to create diverse characters who possess unique personalities. At the same time, each specific protagonist has ambivalence and duality. The primary method of research is a comparative analysis of the heroines selected by the author in order to identify the fundamental characteristics of the image of the mother in the work of George Martin. The principal conclusions of the study are: the presence of a specific writer’s approach to the process of a mother image creation in a fantasy narrative, explained by his desire to create multifaceted characters with unique personalities, as well as the ambivalence and duality of one image in each particular protagonist. These conclusions make it possible to further conduct a more extensive study in order to investigate into other literary images presented in the works of the American writer, since fantasy, as a literary phenomenon, is experiencing increasing scientific interest. The scientific novelty is explained by a sufficient lack of conducted scientific research on the image of the mother in fantasy works, in particular, in the works of George Martin.

DOI: 10.25136/2409-8698.2024.4.70515

Abstract: Communication, which plays an integral role in human life, is reflected in a work of art mainly in the form of dialogue. With the help of dialogue, the author develops events, forms images of characters, and conveys the idea of the work. The subject of this study is the non-verbal components of communication included in the remarks to the replicas of Alexei Laptev, a character in the story by A.P. Chekhov's "Three Years". The purpose of the work is to determine ways of introducing non-verbal components of communication into the author’s comments accompanying Laptev’s speech when communicating with Belavina, to describe the remarks from the point of view of structure and semantics and to trace how nonverbal components reflect changes in the characters’ relationships. The relevance of the study is due to the fact that there are not many works on the study of the content and structure of remarks to Alexei Laptev’s replicas and the semantic analysis of the linguistic units included in the remarks, representing non-verbal components. The following results were obtained: 1) the methods of introducing non-verbal components of communication and the means of their expression were analyzed, 2) a constant non-linguistic characteristic of Laptev’s communicative behavior was determined – a change in voice volume and clarity of pronunciation, 3) the position of remarks in relation to the character’s replicas was identified – the author’s comments are prepositive and interpositive, 4) a number of verbs are proposed that capture changes in Laptev’s inner world and, as a consequence, the transformation of his attitude towards his wife. In the process of conducting the study we used the method of contextual analysis of a text fragment, semantic and structural analysis of language units.

DOI: 10.25136/2409-8698.2024.4.70011

Abstract: This article is devoted to a comparative analysis of phraseological units with a color component in Russian and Persian linguistic cultures, expressing the emotional state of a person. Color is an integral part of the perception of the reality around us; with its help, we can consciously or unconsciously convey our mood, inner state, and attitude towards everything around us. Phraseologisms, being a stable combination, give speech an emotional coloring and figuratively characterize a particular state. The object of the study is phraseological units of the Russian and Persian languages containing a colorative component, selected by a continuous sampling method from explanatory, phraseological, etymological and encyclopedic dictionaries and other literary sources of the Russian and Persian languages. The main research method used in this work is the comparative method and axiological analysis of phraseological units containing a color component in the Russian and Persian languages. Let us note that work on the comparative analysis of various lexical units is currently being carried out quite actively, but research in the field of comparing phraseological units with the color component of the Russian and Persian languages is not numerous. The scientific novelty of the work lies in the study and understanding of information about the emotional state of a person, which is conveyed by phraseological units of the Russian and Persian languages, containing a color component. Based on the results of the study, the symbolism and associative perception characteristic of representatives of Russian and Persian culture were determined, and the colors included in the phraseological units characterizing the emotional state of a person were identified, and the subjective evaluative attitude of a person to existing or possible situations and the objective world was indicated, transmitted by them.

DOI: 10.25136/2409-8698.2024.4.70249

Abstract: The analysis of the reasons for the appearance of the "three peaks" of the use of the word "Tibet" from the 18th century to the present day in the national corpus of the Russian language is made in the article. Author, by considering the compatibility with the word "Tibet" in text materials, draws conclusions about the dynamic perception of the image of Tibet by native speakers of the Russian language. The article examined the image of Tibet based on materials from the NKRR. The author highlights such characteristics of the image of Tibet as the complexity of the location, the difficulty of the path, the connection with the religious and mystical worldview, mystery, etc. The analysis of the process of designing the image of Tibet reflects the development of relations between China and Russia. We used the main body of the NCR to analyze the uses of the word "Tibet" from the 18th century to the present day. The number of word usage shows three so–called "peaks" occurring in 1740-2000. The research is based on frequency and description. The frequency method helps to determine the number of word usage in different years and identify three "peaks" of the use of the word "Tibet". The descriptive method allows us to trace the peculiarities of the use of the word "Tibet" at the moment. It was revealed that the first peak of the use of the word Tibet was at the end of the 19th century. At the end of the 19th century, Tibet was an unknown region for Russians. The design of the image of Tibet is helped by textual information coming from scientific and trade expeditions. Most of the words combined with the word Tibet set the vector of movement to a new country for Russians. The second peak of word usage occurred in 1926. At this time, Russian people's knowledge of Tibet became deeper in the aspects of religion and tourism, and the description of Tibet became more detailed. During the third peak of word usage (2009), with the continuous development and popularization of Tibetan culture in Russia, more and more attention is paid to describing the image of Tibet, and there are more and more works dedicated to Tibet, advertisements for Tibetan clinics, travel blog texts about Tibet. Thus, the study of the image of Tibet is relevant for modern linguistics. The materials of the article can be used to develop educational materials, and will also be useful in studying the dynamic aspect of the worldview.

DOI: 10.25136/2409-8698.2024.4.70335

Abstract: The article analyzes the five most commonly used translation methods: transcription, mixed method (transcription and semantic method), semantic method, semantic method with addition of meanings and semantic method with abbreviations. The subject of the article is the translation of the names of foreign medicines in advertising into Chinese. The purpose of the article is to analyze strategies for translating the names of medicines into Chinese in advertising, as well as to identify the most frequent and popular translation methods. The article analyzes the names of foreign medicines (70 names of medicines) and their translation into Chinese. By comparing the frequency of use of each method, the most frequent method is identified when translating foreign drug names into Chinese. In the course of the research, the following methods were used: descriptive method, method of analysis of theoretical literature, as well as methods of systematization and classification of material. The novelty of the study lies in the fact that, to date, the translation of the names of medical terms has not yet been considered within the framework of the theory of translation equivalence. The practical significance of this article lies in the fact that the results of the study can contribute to the further strengthening and development of trade and international communication. The article provides examples illustrating ways to translate drug names into Chinese. During the study, it was revealed that when translating medical terms from foreign languages into Chinese, the most frequent methods are transcription and the semantic method. At the same time, the percentage of use of semantic and mixed methods (which include transcription and semantic method) is also high.The percentage of prevalence of using the semantic method with addition of meanings and abbreviations is significantly lower.

DOI: 10.25136/2409-8698.2024.4.70344

Abstract: In the 21st century, the need for the development of the glossy sector is increasing every day. The main object of the study is the image of female beauty in modern glossy magazines; the subject of the study is the formation of a stereotypical idea of beauty in modern mass media. The purpose of this article is to analyze the linguistic and visual representation of women in modern mass media (based on glossy magazines), as well as the features of the linguistic (linguistic and visual) construction of the image of a woman in modern discursive linguistics. In addition, when conducting this research, not only general scientific methods are used, such as comparison, description, classification, systematization, interpretation, analysis, classification, but also special linguistic methods for analyzing lexical-semantic groups: contextual and stylistic analysis of semantics, the method of psycholinguistic modeling, method of complex analysis. The scientific novelty of the study is due to the subject of the study and the lack of modern comparative studies in the field of the specific representation of the image of beauty in the media (in glossy magazines) for young women. During the study, the features of modern visual culture and mass media products were studied, the standards of beauty and the female image being a sociocultural phenomenon were described, the methods of applying various methodologies to the visual content of glossy magazines and digital analogues were analyzed, axiological pictures of the world in different cultures and social gender stereotypes were partially described, reflected in language, the representation and stereotyping of the beauty of the female image in modern mass media (based on glossy magazines) is analyzed and ways of stereotyping beauty in glossy magazines are identified, including the features of visual design and promotion of content personalization (recommendation technologies) in the modern glossy segment.

DOI: 10.25136/2409-8698.2024.4.70179

Abstract: The article examines the features of the concept of the historical novel by Walter Scott on the example of Barry Unsworth's novel "Morality Play". The purpose of this article is to identify the features and principles of the historical method. The great merit of the outstanding Scottish writer Walter Scott (1771-1832) is that he introduced the principle of historicism into literature and wrote a number of brilliant historical novels. In them, readers see a picture of the struggle of contradictory and complex interests of various social groups, parties, and religious sects. His historical novels provided a better understanding of contemporary issues. He combined historical truth with fiction, explaining the validity of such a connection by saying that “the most important human passions in all their manifestations, as well as the sources that feed them, are common to all classes, states, countries and epochs; hence it invariably follows that although this state of society affects opinions, way of thinking and the actions of people, these latter are extremely similar in their very essence. Walter Scott was the founder of the historical novel in its modern sense. In the XIX century, he developed the principles of the historical method, which made it possible to create fascinating novels, freed from excessive archaization of language and at the same time fully conveying the originality and recognizable imprint of the described epoch. In the 19th century, along with the tradition dating back to Walter Scott, another form of aesthetic insight into the past also asserted itself. Real historical characters in such works are optional, although their presence is not excluded. The "hero" for the writer is not a historical event, but an "epoch". The author of such a work creates his own self-sufficient world, achieves credibility not by more or less accurately following historical material, but by the reality of the psychological experience of the characters, the reality (often illusory) of everyday life. The novel "Morality Play" is a historical detective novel by British writer Barry Unsworth, was published in 1995, and was first published in Russian in 2005. The novel is an example of a fruitful combination of two updated genres: new historical fiction and metaphysical detective.

DOI: 10.25136/2409-8698.2024.4.70486

Abstract: The article presents a comparative analysis of metaphors reflecting the emotion of shame in Russian and Chinese. The methods of conceptual analysis, comparative analysis, metaphorical modeling and corpus research of metaphorical units are used on the material of the Chinese BCC and CCL buildings and the Russian NKRJ corps. The aim of the work is to study the emotional metaphors of shame in Russian and Chinese and to identify similarities and differences in the conceptualization of shame in the two linguistic cultures. The methodological basis of the research is the theory of cognitive metaphors by J. Lakoff. According to this theory, the metaphors of shame in Russian and Chinese were divided into five types: physical, natural, ontological, behavioral and sensory. As a result of the study, it turned out that in different cultures there are similarities in the use of metaphors to express shame, which may indicate a universal biological basis for this emotion. However, trends and differences in cognitive processes lead to significant differences between Russians and Chinese in how metaphors are used to express shame. The study of shame metaphors in Russian and Chinese is an important topic for comparative analysis of linguistic features, which contributes to a deeper understanding of cultural characteristics and emotional manifestations in various cultural contexts. As a result of the study, it turned out that in different cultures there are similarities in the use of metaphors to express shame, which may indicate a universal biological basis for this emotion. However, trends and differences in cognitive processes lead to significant differences between Russians and Chinese in how metaphors are used to express shame. The study of shame metaphors in Russian and Chinese is an important topic for comparative analysis of linguistic features, which contributes to a deeper understanding of cultural characteristics and emotional manifestations in various cultural contexts.