DOI: 10.7256/2310-8673.2023.3.43423

EDN: SDSKJH

Abstract: The work continues the author's research on the railway architecture of the south of the Far East and is part of a project to study the architectural image of the homeland. The subject of the research, the results of which are described in the article, are architectural and urban features of the railway architecture of the town of Dalnerechensk in Primorsky Krai. Historical reference is given about development of the town from the moment of foundation of the first settlement in the middle of the 19th century till the transformation connected with building of railroad station Iman of Ussuri railway from Vladivostok to Khabarovsk in the end of the 19th century. The author pays special attention to studying of central part of the town and current condition of railway building. The materials of the expedition and archival research carried out in 2017-2023 are presented. During the analysis of urban development of the central district of Dalnerechensk the objects included in the register of architectural monuments, located along the Trans-Siberian Railway are examined. The scientific novelty of the research is defined by generalization and mapping of the preserved heritage sites of the Ussuri railway XIX-XX centuries in Dalnerechensk, carried out for the first time. The result of the research is a scheme of buildings and structures location. The generalized information about the architectural monuments available in the city can be used in education, restoration practices and activities related to the popularization of industrial heritage.

DOI: 10.7256/2310-8673.2023.3.43556

EDN: SOHWZF

Abstract: The article reflects the intermediate results of a study conducted within the framework of the scientific project "Architects and engineers of the eastern outskirts of Russia (second half of the 19th - early 20th century)". Within the framework of this publication, the authors raise the question of the need to study and comprehend the unique layer of regional architecture - the preserved wooden buildings of the capital of the Trans-Baikal Territory, the city of Chita. Based on data from field surveys, the study of scientific literature and Internet resources, as well as data obtained in the course of work in the State Archives of the Trans-Baikal Territory, a systematic picture of the historical evolution of the wooden building of the city from the moment it was founded to the events of the October Revolution and the Civil War is presented for the first time. Particular attention is paid to the problems of developing the planning structure of the city and the ratio of wooden and stone buildings at different stages of its development. The features of the space-planning organization of buildings and structures of various typologies, the transformation of methods of decorative design of street facades and their dependence on the location of objects in the structure of the urban fabric are considered. Data are given on the creative and professional activities of a number of architects, engineers and other masters of architectural and construction art who worked in Chita in the period under review and who had a significant impact on the formation and development of the city's wooden buildings, as well as the spread of various architectural styles.

DOI: 10.7256/2310-8673.2023.3.43592

EDN: SSYTBI

Abstract: The work continues the author's research on the intangible aspects of the subject of protection of cultural heritage objects and is the basis for proposals for amendments to legislation on the protection of cultural heritage objects. The results of the research is a long-term study of methods for determining the subject of protection of cultural heritage objects in terms of specifying intangible features. The author pays special attention to the analysis of historical events that occurred in the object or its surrounding historical environment, which influenced its perception by both contemporaries and their descendants. The scientific novelty of the research is determined by the allocation of intangible aspects of the subject of protection as a separate parameter.  In most cases, studying the object of cultural heritage, its stages of formation, we do not pay special attention to the existence of the place. In the methods of objects of protection, attention is paid to the material component of the object of protection. However, it is by studying the intangible component of the history of the formation of the object, such as the memories of contemporaries, artistic depiction, historical use, and so on. The result of the study is a system of intangible attributes of objects of protection of cultural heritage objects, as a necessary measure to preserve the value characteristics of the object of cultural heritage. The author gives recommendations on amendments to legislative norms in the field of protection of cultural heritage objects.

DOI: 10.7256/2310-8673.2023.3.43828

EDN: UYODEQ

Abstract: The study examines the development of the Russian-Chinese border area, defines the existing settlement systems, identifies factors affecting their formation. It is noted that a continuous urbanized territory with an actively developing infrastructure has been formed on the Chinese side. On the part of the Russian border – a small population, a large number of non-growing settlements, with limited specialization. Large areas are formed on the basis of large cities. This trend has determined the direction of "One city – two states": (Khabarovsk – Fuyuan, Zabaikalsk – Manchuria; Blagoveshchensk – Heihe). In the conducted research, the object of study is settlement systems, the subject is the factors of their formation in modern conditions on the territory of the Russian–Chinese border. The aim is to identify the factors of the formation of settlement for further forecasting of the organization of the border territory of Russia and China. The current trend in the region under consideration is that the border spaces are becoming more interconnected with each other, forming a stable system of cross-border communications. And the introduction of sanctions against Russia, namely the "closure" of the European border, caused a change in the direction of the development vector "to the east", which can become a mechanism for the development of border territories. The novelty of the study lies in the fact that for the first time the structure of the settlement of the south and the Far East at the present stage is considered – namely, the zone of active interaction between the two countries (Russia – China) – the territory along the border. The study identifies and examines the settlement systems of the border zone of Russia and China, as well as the factors of their formation (geographical, enographic, cultural, transport, educational and regional policy).

DOI: 10.7256/2310-8673.2023.3.43888

EDN: VGZYKH

Abstract: The article discusses atrium spaces in the university environment. The subject of the study is the architectural and design organization of informal learning spaces (open atriums). The relevance of the research is determined by the importance of the practical implementation of the ideas and principles of using atrium spaces in the design of the learning environment, including when developing a detailed plan for the creation of an intercollegiate campus on the basis of the Pacific National University (PNU) in the city of Khabarovsk. Campus concepts involve a large number of open educational spaces and transformable classrooms. Particular attention is paid to the study of students' preferences in determining the key characteristics of spaces for informal learning that determine their use. The novelty of the research may be the identification of design features of informal learning spaces (open atriums) and consideration of techniques for shaping environmental objects of this type from general design principles to the development of subject content. The case study was conducted at the Department of Architectural Environment Design of Pacific National University. Mixed research methods were used, including observation, visual analysis, questionnaires and interviews, as well as testing of theoretical conclusions in diploma and course projects of students of PNU. The main results of the work are the basis for further research and can be used to develop future strategies for designing informal learning spaces.