DOI: 10.7256/2454-0625.2021.3.32927

Abstract: This article solves the tasks of determining the spheres of use and functions of running in primitive societies based on the sources of mythological nature, associated with the culture of Ancient Greece, American Indians, Slavs, peoples of the Far North, Roman tribes, Celts, peoples of Ancient Egypt, Jews, peoples of Oceania, and others. The indicated problematic gives a broader outlook upon the spiritual grounds for developing physical abilities in the past, as well as to describes the stages and specificity of current transformation of the socially significant practices related to running. The article employs the methods of analysis, comparison and synthesis; the area of application of the acquired results is the philosophical anthropology and philosophy of sports. The novelty of this research consists in determination of peculiarities of the functionality of running in a myth in three dimensions: cosmological (running is considered in etiological and intermediary between the macro-and microcosm functions), biological (as a manifestation of physical health and a unique for the mammals way of hunting based on endurance run), and social (running as a means to raise and maintain social status, finding a partner for marriage, element of ceremonialism, initiation, etc.).

Keywords: preparation of warriors, marriage, ceremonies, competitions, cosmology, myth, running, evil spirits, social elevator, magic

DOI: 10.7256/2454-0625.2022.11.38985

EDN: OEXUYC

Abstract: The author discusses the phenomenon of plastic culture and art. An expanded understanding of body movement is proposed, including gestures, poses, facial expressions, expression, the involvement of the artist and the viewer in external social rhythms and in music, internal movements and rhythms of the soul. All these movements are organized within the framework of plastic culture, although they exist by themselves, they have different sources of formation and areas of functioning. The immersion of a person into an aesthetic, more broadly artistic culture that has permeated, since antiquity, even the ordinary life of a person, not to mention specialization in a particular kind of art, triggers the process of organizing human movements and rhythms. The author identifies two factors that significantly determine this organization: the conditions and requirements of the sphere of art and the artistic language, understood extremely broadly. He characterizes the sphere of art with the features of publicity, differences from ordinary life and work, art opens an outlet to another, usually attractive, reality (to gods, beauty, ideals, to another world), sets a special type of communication. Describing the artistic language, the author points out that meaningful constructions of this language perform a different task than ordinary signs: they do not set unambiguous denotations, but should introduce into artistic reality and help the viewer to construct events in this reality. On the basis of these provisions, an analysis of the formation of dance is proposed and a characteristic of plastic art and culture is given.

Keywords: rhythm, movement, physicality, body, culture, interpretation, music, plastic, art, reality

DOI: 10.7256/2454-0625.2021.10.34933

Abstract: The subject of this research is the sociocultural conditionality of specific running practices of certain regions of the ancient and modern East, which reflect the basic worldview attitudes of the authentic religious-philosophical traditions and social patterns that are characteristic to the Eastern type of civilizations. In light of the crisis of Coubertin's Olympism as a social movement and ideology, civilization of the East vividly demonstrates the importance of comprehensive spiritual development, which prompts the extraordinary physical achievements. The running experience of the Buddhist monks proves that namely in the sphere of higher ideal values is the elevating source of the need for physical perfection, and the existential goal of a human lies in continuous improvement of own capabilities, development of spiritual and bodily unity, “enlightenment”, and pursuit of harmony with the cosmos. The following conclusions were made: 1. Specific running practices of the ancient East are not competitive in nature, being just one of the means for achieving spiritual liberation. 2. Running in the ancient East was often considered as a type of dynamic meditation, which defines its uniqueness. 3. The unique training techniques of the Buddhist monks were the true methods for fulfilling the higher levels of spiritual and physical potential, which proves their universal humanistic value. 4. The social significance of specific running locomotion found its reflection in performing by bhikkhu of the secular function of heralds and religious-magic functions of personal confirmation of attainability of moksha and incantation of evil spirits. 5. The peculiarity of running in the East in the modern context is substantiated by its large-scale involvement, nonreligious motivation, capability to unite cultural principles of the Western and Eastern civilizations, serve as the means of consolidation of people, as well as express the national spirit and be form of women's emancipation.

Keywords: Bhagavan Shri Rajneesh, female emancipation, ekiden, kaihegyo, zhayau zharys, lung-gom-pa, dynamic meditation, Eastern civilization, run, sports philosophy

DOI: 10.7256/2454-0625.2022.7.36060

EDN: ANDVYM

Abstract: The subject of the study is the formation of fashion trends of physical recreation of residents of Primorsky Krai. Based on the theories developed by philosophers and culturologists, the phenomenon of fashion was analyzed from the standpoint of its conceptual understanding as imitation of someone, which appeared as a reflection of the flaws of the elite. As a result, the fashion has its own functions: 1) contributed to some kind of social alignment between the elite and the masses; 2) contributed to the development of individuality.It was found that the fashion phenomenon is present not only in clothing, style, is an element of everyday life, but also has an impact on lifestyle and physical activity. Among the factors influencing the formation of fashionable trends of physical recreation, the author identified: 1) the appearance of modernized types of sports equipment, which are based on engineering and design ideas; 2) the development of new sports training techniques, acquaintance with which occurs through visual means of communication and the Internet; 3) the factor of business development, focused either on the provision of services or the sale of sporting goods; 4) state policy on popularization of mass sports and physical recreation through investment in the construction of sports infrastructure facilities. The article reveals the role of factors that influenced the formation of fashion trends for the physical recreation of the population of Primorsky Krai in 1970 – 2021. Tasks: to reveal the mutual influence of fashion trends and progress on the formation of fashionable trends in physical education of Primorye residents. The source base of the article consists of regulatory documents of the Government of the Russian Federation and Primorsky Krai, interviews (strategies, programs). The methodological basis of the article is the concept of everyday life, supplemented by economic and cultural-gender approaches that have had the greatest impact on the formation of fashion trends of physical recreation of residents of Primorsky Krai, reflected in the works of cultural scientists, philosophers.

Keywords: Primorsky, Russia, politics, state, sport, mass, recreation, physical, fashion, the edge