DOI: 10.7256/2454-0757.2021.3.35413

Abstract: This article reviews painting and graphics of Adyghe artists, which plotlines and images resemble musical instruments, musicians, and in a certain way, music itself. The author assumes that the entire heritage in this area can be divided into three groups. The first group contains the artworks that are perceived as historical documents testifying to the presence or absence of certain types of musical instruments, ways of playing those, dances, dance positions, moves, etc.; this also includes paintings with ethnographically precise reproduction of the past or present reality, which depicts music and motions. The second group contains the portraits of prominent musicians who significantly contributed to the history of regional culture. The third group is comprised of the musical instruments and dance, which visualize something secret behind the traditional things. Each group has a special technique and means of visualization of music and musical instruments. The novelty of this research lies in examination of the canvases of Adyghe painters preserved in the funds of the North Caucasus branch of the State Museum of Oriental Art (Maykop), and are virtually unknown to the general audience; in articulation of the topic aimed at examination of means of visualization of music, musical instruments and musicians in painting and graphics; in the proposed non-homogeneous classification of painting heritage related to music, musical instruments and musicians, which can be implicated to any other regional culture; in determination of the role of this type of cultural heritage for future generation. It is stated that painting and graphics exhibited in museums are not perceives so much the past as the present, which is included in the cultural and emotional-psychological life of modernity.

DOI: 10.7256/2454-0757.2021.3.35612

Abstract: The subject of the study is the relationship between aesthetics and metaphysics, as it is drawn in Kant's transcendentalism. In the Critique of the Faculty of Judgment, Kant generally believes that the idea of perfection does not correlate with the idea of a sense of pleasure, and in the first introduction to the Critique of the Faculty of Judgment, he is far from considering the ways of solving the problems of the relationship between perfection and the aesthetic sense of pleasure convincing. But the attitude to perfection changes in Kant's later works, the analysis of which shows that the idea of perfection, in fact, is conceived as a way of founding the whole of aesthetics, its initial category – the beautiful, the meaning of which coincides with the expression of aesthetic perfection if it is genuine beauty. The metaphysics of perfection contained in the analyzed works of Kant encourages a new look at the categorical apparatus of Kant's aesthetics, formed in the "Critique of the Faculty of Judgment", to expand the idea of Kant's aesthetics as part of transcendental metaphysics. The concept of perfection expresses various aspects of metaphysical research, while preserving its immanent qualities in aesthetics. In predication as an act of modern aesthetic utterance, it is difficult to identify any stages and structures that can be specifically associated with perfectionism. The question of the field of such connections is quite controversial, including in modern Russian philosophy.

DOI: 10.7256/2454-0757.2021.3.35744

Abstract: The subject of this research is the period of the Russian symphonic music of the early 1960s. The scene saw the emergence of a new generation of composers – the so-called “Sixtiers”, making themselves known with remarkable artistic achievements, novel and modern musical language. Emphasis is place on such aspects of the topic, as the system of music education that established in the Soviet Union by the mid XX century, sustained material affluence of the Soviet composers, and ideological pressure of the government in return for such care. Special attention. Special attention is given to the new artistic opportunities for the young Russian composers that emerged as a result of the political “thaw”. The scientific consists in introduction into the scientific discourse of a wide range of memoir literature and critical articles of the representatives of the “new wave” movement, as therefore, a more comprehensive understanding of the complex processes that unfolded in the Soviet academic music. A detailed analysis is conducted on the role and place in the struggle for “new music” of the youngest musician out of the “Sixtiers” – a prominent Russian symphonist of the XX century Boris Ivanovich Tishchenko (1939 – 2010). The main conclusion is reflected in the thought on a certain triumph of the School of Soviet Composers and the system of music education, which is most clearly described by the last three decades of the existence of the Soviet Union.

DOI: 10.7256/2454-0757.2021.3.35052

Abstract: This article explores the Hegelian concept of cognition of the history of culture reflected in the “Phenomenology of the Spirit” in the image of Lady Destiny. Therefore, the author offers a new translation version of one of the fragments of Hegel's “Phenomenology of Spirit”, which is of fundamental importance for understanding the message of the work and its structure. Special attention is given to the Hegelian perspective on historical cognition, peculiarities of the language of “Phenomenology of Spirit”, and the role of imagery in describing the “experience of consciousness”. The author substantiates the statement that recognition of the universal correlations and integrity of history serves as the prerequisite for its comprehensibility. The article indicates the dependence of the developed by Hegel concept of nature and purpose of the philosophy on his doctrine of historical consciousness. A detailed analysis is conducted on the image of Lady Destiny and its role within the conceptual structure of the “Phenomenology of the Spirit”. The author describes the role of this image in the Hegelian concept of cognitions of the history of culture, analyzes the place of imagery means in describing the experience of consciousness, adjusts the traditional representations on the nature and peculiarities of the system of Hegel's philosophy. Emphasis is placed on the importance of personal aspect in the Hegelian concept of historical cognition and it correlation with the central for Hegel’s philosophy intuition of history as a complete whole. The research employs a set of historical-philosophical methods, as well as comparative analysis of the historical-cultural phenomena. In translation of the Hegelian text, the author resorts to etymology for clarification of the available Russian translations.

DOI: 10.7256/2454-0757.2021.3.35851

Abstract: The subject of this research is the categories of good and evil in philosophy of the representatives of the Early Modern Age (on the example of the works of T. Hobbes, B. Spinoza, and G. W. Leibniz). These philosophers conceptualized the dialectic of good and evil leaning on the shifted paradigm at the turn of the Middle Ages and the Modern Age. However, the article advances a hypothesis that despite a fundamental turn in the philosophy of the Modern Age, the prevalent n medieval philosophy dialectic of good and evil had a strong impact upon the views of the philosophers of the Early Modern Age. The research employs the dialectical method and metaphysics, which allowed viewing the categories of good and evil from the perspective of the logical-philosophical position of their contradiction, as well as revealing their initial nature and the role in human world. The novelty of this study consists in the fact that in a certain sense it explores the dual dialectic: on the one hand, it is a longtime problems of good and evil, while on the other hand, the philosophy of good and evil of the Early Modern Age is ambiguous and contradictory, when the previous paradigm is no longer relevant, although a new philosophical concept of good and evil is yet to be formed. There is a good reason why the author chos the ideas of T. Hobbes, B. Spinoza, and G. W. Leibniz – their approaches towards the problem of good and evil in the traditions of the Early Modern Age mark the key milestones in the research of these categories in the transitional historical period.