International relations - rubric Revolutions

Abstract: The paper studies political and socio-economic consequences of revolutionary events of 2011 – 2012 in the Arab Republic of Egypt. The authors give special attention to internal political struggle in the context of revolutionary events in the republic, which had led to the increase of influence of the Muslim Brotherhood society. The consequences of the “color revolution” in Egypt are primarily negative: political and socio-economic instability and the threat of terrorist activity are still significant in the Republic. The research methodology is based on the system and institutional approaches, the methods of analysis, synthesis, induction and deduction. The scientific novelty consists in the complex analysis of the consequences of revolutionary events of 2011 – 2012 in Egypt. The authors prove that these consequences are primarily negative: political and socio-economic instability and the threat of terrorist activity are still significant in the Republic.

Keywords: Morsi, Mubarak, Muslim Brotherhood, consequences, revolution, Egypt, Colour revolution, Arab spring, terrorism, Middle East

Abstract: Analysis of the use of social networks at the time of revolutions in Tunisia and Egypt shows that their infl uence on the situation is greatly overrated. Nevertheless, these are the instruments, which are actively used by the Department of State of the USA and other American foundations and centers in order to facilitate their infl uence in certain states. In fact the “new media” became new instruments in the information warfare, which the USA wages around the world in its own interests.

Keywords: Facebook, Twitter, WikiLeaks, YouTube, Google, New Media, cyber-revolution, social network revolution, “Kefi ya”(Enough), “Otpor”, “Kmara”, “Pora”, Freedom House, NED, POMED, Department of State of the USA, USA, Tahrir

DOI: 10.7256/2454-0641.2016.1.15972

Abstract: The subject of this research is the modern knowledge and understanding of the nature of color revolutions, as well as the discussions over this phenomenon in the Russian and foreign science. The author draws attention to the fact that in the late XXth - the early XXIst century the new forms and methods of organizing take-overs, based on the use of methods of "soft power" - the so-called color revolutions, emerge. The author examines in detail a color revolution from the positions of the two alternative approaches - as a phenomenon and as a technology, agreeing with the opinion of the Russian experts, who believe that a modern color revolution is a technology of a take-over and main tool of political regimes dismantle which is based on the youth protest movement clashing with the authority under nationalist slogans. The signal to launch the technologies of color revolutions is the elections - the most convenient and the classic pretext involving the initiation of mass protests on the wave of allegations put forward by the opposition about the massive electoral fraud. This is the most classic pretext that had been used in color revolutions in Serbia, in the Orange Revolution in Ukraine, the Revolution of Roses in Georgia and in many other countries - the habitual and well-tested method, a cliché, a "democratic pattern." The methodological basis of the research is a system, structural and functional, comparative political approaches, the methods of analysis, synthesis, induction, deduction, observation.The Russian expert community today maintains two opposite points of view about the nature of color revolutions, which are expressed in the existence of the two hypotheses: phenomenological (which considers a color revolution as a phenomenon) and technological (which considers a color revolution as an instrument of political influence and as a political technology). The aim of this study is to identify the forms and methods of organizing and conducting color revolutions in the world.

Keywords: interests, democracy, color revolutions, hybrid war, state, USA, society, policy, values, security

DOI: 10.7256/2454-0641.2016.1.67564

Keywords: interests, democracy, color revolutions, hybrid war, state, USA, society, policy, values, security

DOI: 10.7256/2454-0641.2016.1.16576

Abstract: The research subject is the causes of the military coup of 3 July 2013 in Egypt that led to Morsi's islamic government collapse. The author studies the political and social effects of the "Arab Spring". The paper analyzes the critical points of islamic opposition' pre-election programme, and the causes of its support by the population; the measures of M. Morsi's islamic government' internal and external policy are reviewed using the concrete examples. Special attention is paid to the contents of the 2012 constitution.The research methodology comprises the complex historical and political analysis, based on different sources, of the military coup in Egypt prerequisites.The author comes to the conclusion about the reasons for the reaction of the army leadership and the population on the islamic government's policy, which led to the military coup. The study shows the roots of the reasons of the 3 July 2013 coup. They consist in the unsuccsessful domestic politics of the islamic government together with its insufficient foreign politics.

Keywords: islamism, islamic opposition, Muslim Brothers, the Freedom and Justice party, Mohamed Morsi, Muslim Brothers constitution, egypt, consequences of the Arab Spring, Egyptian Army, Military Coup

DOI: 10.7256/2454-0641.2016.1.67565

DOI: 10.7256/2454-0641.2019.1.23575

Abstract: The object of the research article is the Jasmine Revolution that took place in Tunisia in December 2010 - January 2011. The subject of the research is the soft power technologies that were used to oust the president Ben Ali. The author of the article analyzes such aspects of the topic as the reasons and prerequisites for the Arab spring in general and the take-over in Tunisia in particular, the cours of the Jasmine Revolution and its consequences for that North African country. The author focuses on the use of the soft power technologies, especially digital technologies, during the Jasmine Revolution as well as the role of Western states, primarily USA. The methodological basis of the research involves the systems, structured functional, comparative legal approaches, historicism, analysis, synthesis, induction, deducation and observation. The author concludes that belonging to the second wave of the Color revolutions, the Jasmine Revolution did not give any benefit to the Tunisian nation. Islamic organisations that came to power as a result of the national discontent in Ben Ali's policy could not manage the country well but only exacerbated the issues that Tunisia had. Instead of true democracy and improvements in social and economic environment, the country faced more problems and challenges. According to the author, the USA was not directly related to the rebellion in Tunisia. However, the Jasmine Revolution was morally supported by the overseas and Western 'soft power' technologies, primarily digital resources (social networks, microblogs, opposition sites) played the key role in the process. On the other side, the White house hoped to reach a conerete geopolitical goal which was the total reformation of the geopolitical structure of the Greater Middle East. Yet, the actual results of the Arab spring in general and Jasmine Revolution in particular differed a lot from what Washington wanted to see.

Keywords: international conflicts, geopolitics, USA, Ben Ali, Tunisia, soft power, Color revolutions, Jasmine revolution, Arab spring, sovereignty

DOI: 10.7256/2454-0641.2014.2.10355

DOI: 10.7256/2454-0641.2014.2.64946

Abstract: In this article the author attempts to analyze the strategies, which are more and more often used by the United States of America and other Western stats in order to change regimes, which they find unsuitable. The author mentions the principles of relevant strategies and the practical methods. The authors provides recommendations for the possible counteractions against application of the “soft power” and “controlled chaos” strategies in Russia, offering the options for involvement of the “soft power” elements in the foreign policy of Russia. In the modern global world, where the political, social and economic standards are formed in an unified manner offered by the only remaining superpower, the indirect means of undermining the rival state from inside are often used instead of the traditional military actions. There are many names for these technologies “soft power”, “smart power”, “controlled chaos”, etc. All of these definitions involve various means undermining political and economic potential of the state. These means also include the socalled “twitter revolutions”, artificially formed oppositions, kindling the protest movements. The characteristic feature of implementation of these strategies in the regions and states, in which the West has its interests, is application of the double standards. It is proven, for example, by some specific features of the “Arabian Spring”, when almost simultaneously in the course of two months the riot covered almost all of the regions, while having no development in the Qatar and the Saudi Arabia, which are the allies of the USA. There the riots were suppressed by the local regimes fast and without mercy, and there were no protests from either Washington or other Western capitals.

Keywords: international relations, foreign politics, the USA, soft power, political instability, diplomacy, state, interests, values, controlled chaos.

DOI: 10.7256/2454-0641.2014.2.11024

DOI: 10.7256/2454-0641.2014.2.64947

Abstract: The Euromaidan in Kyiv is an event of gigantic political resonance, attracting attention of observers from Russia, the CIS and all of the world. This article provides the view at the Euromaidan events from the inside, with the eyes of the Kyiv resident, social psychologist and analyst and scientific journalist. The article includes an attempt of analysis of a number of economic, political, social and psychological events and phenomena, characterizing the latest turbulent events in Kyiv. The author casts light upon the geo-political and economic position of the Ukraine, predefining its status as a borderline between the East and the West. Ukraine has a unique standing among the global political powers, its weight may tip the balance of scales in the geopolitical opposition between Russia and the West. The author notes the need for the novel approaches towards achieving mutual understanding between Russia and Ukraine, pointing out social and psychological miscalculations of the Russian politics towards Ukraine, and offering some recommendations on optimization of cultural, social and economic cooperation between the two states, as well as on strengthening the pro-Russian vector in the Ukrainian politics.

Keywords: international relations, politics, Ukraine, maidan, color revolutions, power, opposition, political regime, protest, security.

DOI: 10.7256/2454-0641.2014.2.11476

DOI: 10.7256/2454-0641.2014.2.64948

Abstract: Attention of the global community is drawn to the Ukraine and all the Russian people may not be indifferent to the events there, since Ukraine and Russia are connected by historical and cultural unity and relations. The mayhem, which takes place in Ukraine is outside the scope of understanding of a normal adequate person, such are the derogations and persecutions towards the militia officers and their families, and the bloody provocations of the fighters of the \"Right Sector\" in the South-East of Ukraine. All of the above causes gravest concern among the population and the leaders of Russia. The concern is also caused by the insurrection in a fraternal country, which was actively supported by the so-called \"democratic\" states, the EU and the USA. The statement of the USA that the pro-Fascist organizations played a \"constructive role\" in this bloody Bacchanalia makes one think about the organizers and sponsors of these special operations. Due to the above, the analysis of the specific features of armed riots, as well as the factors serving as prerequisites for the armed takeover in a state, and the forecasts for the future developments in the situation in Ukraine become especially topical.

Keywords: international relations, foreign policy, Russia, Ukraine, color revolution, state insurrection, Euromaidan, armed riot, security, conflict.

DOI: 10.7256/2454-0641.2014.2.11527

DOI: 10.7256/2454-0641.2014.2.64949

Abstract: At the verge of 2013-2014 there was a wave of protests in Ukraine, which was caused by contradictions in the views of political forces on the vector of foreign political development of the Ukrainian state. One side was in favor of complete integration with the European Union, while another was in favor of the closer relations with Russia. Several days before the date when Ukraine was supposed to sign documents with the European Union, the Ukrainian Government has suspended the preparations for conclusion of this treaty. It caused dissatisfaction among the forces, who were in favor of Eurointegration, the acute protest actions followed, and they were mostly aimed against the ruling elite. The result of the opposition in Ukraine was the downfall of the government. This article contains overview and analysis of the factors of domestic and external economic development of Ukraine, including analysis of real and financial economy sectors. Analysis of economic parameter, such as the budget structure, trade balance, financial situation from the standpoint of business structure, correlation of foreign and domestic assets, vectors of capital movement in Ukraine allowed to uncover the connection between their dynamics and potential threat to the stability of the state.

Keywords: diplomacy, political instability, Ukraine, Russia, foreign policy, international relations, economics, nation, conflict, security.

DOI: 10.7256/2454-0641.2016.3.18140

Abstract: The research subject covers the technologies, characterizing the specificity of “color revolutions” in the modern world. The author analyzes the basic mechanisms, applied in “color” protests of the early 21st century: public consciousness patterns reformatting; the mechanism of a “symbolical victim”; the political space metaphorization and symbolization; making use of the nation-state identity crisis. The author compares the experience of successful and unsuccessful “color” protests on the post-Soviet political space (Georgia, Ukraine and others) and the most prominent political practices of the Arab Spring. The study is based on the combination of the comparative cross-national approach and the case-study method (consideration of particular cases of “color revolutions”). The scientific novelty of the study consists in the attempt to detect and analyze such fundamental mechanisms of “color” protests as the space of meaning reframing, metaphorization and a “slot machine”, the destruction of nation-state identity. The author concludes that, based on the combination of the above mentioned mechanisms (public consciousness patterns reformatting; the mechanism of a “symbolical victim”; metaphorization and symbolization of political space; making use of the nation-state identity crisis), the absolute plasticity and information and psychological controllability of the particular society are ensured. Such a society becomes bereft of the mechanisms of immunity to “color revolutions”; it is not ready to struggle against them and thus, it is exposed to any possible forms of an externally inspired “color” aggression.

Keywords: metaphorization, multiplying effect , identity crisis, national identity, political performance , symbolical victim, color technologies, political protest, political space reformatting, color revolutions

DOI: 10.7256/2454-0641.2016.3.68173

Keywords: metaphorization, multiplying effect, identity crisis, national identity, political performance, symbolical victim, color technologies, political protest, political space reformatting, color revolutions

DOI: 10.7256/2454-0641.2014.3.11785

DOI: 10.7256/2454-0641.2014.3.64962

Abstract: The latest events in politics and international relations show the importance of the novel mechanism for the implementation of the insurrection by non-violet means, which is the color revolution mechanism. The Syrian conflict included mass manifestations and protests against the government, which started in Daraa on March 15, 2011. The first demonstration caused series of other manifestation and the mass riot of the Syrian people. The problem of color revolution is especially topical due to its global spread in the Middle Eastern and North African states. Taking into account the topicality of this topic, this article is devoted to the problem of implementation and introduction of the mechanisms for the implementation of state insurrections, more commonly known as “Anglo-Saxon color revolutions” in Syria.

Keywords: international relations, foreign policy, Arabian revolutions, geopolitics, political instability, diplomacy, state, Syria, color revolution, Libya.

DOI: 10.7256/2454-0641.2014.3.11693

DOI: 10.7256/2454-0641.2014.3.64961

Abstract: In spite of the fact that Maidan 2.0 de facto has achieved its goal, and President Yanykovych was overthrown, it did not bring long-awaited stability and normalization of the situation in the state. Due to the chaotic domestic policy of the leaders of the state, the political tension in Ukraine has strengthened, and territorial integrity is broken. The state is at the verge of the civil war, economic catastrophe further loss of integrity and loss of sovereignty. That is why the analysis of the ongoing political processes in Ukraine becomes so topical and the search for the rapture lines among the political elites and the people become so important. It is already possible to draw the line of territorial rapture within the state. Historically, from the start of its independence the Ukraine was divided into the East and the West. Firstly, it is due to the historical and cultural factors. The Western parts of Ukraine were once within the Rzeczpospolita Polska, and then Austro-Hungary, such as Lvov, Ivano-Frankovsk and Ternopol regions. It resulted in an altogether different civilization type. At the same time some South-Eastern regions joined Ukraine rather recently. Secondly, this contradiction is strengthened by the fact that all of the industrial objects are targeted at the Russian market, which is due to the USSR economic model, economic zoning, since every region of the Soviet Union produced certain products for the entire domestic market. In the years of Ukrainian independence the industry was never retargeted for other markets. Thirdly, one of the factors for the territorial rapture involves cultural and relative ties. In the East of Ukraine there are traditionally closer links and relative ties with Russia, and, more specifically, with its bordering territories, that is why, any worsening of the relations with Russia are regarded as painful.

Keywords: international relations, foreign politics, Russia, Ukraine, political instability, political regime, state, nation, security, conflict.

DOI: 10.7256/2454-0641.2014.3.11913

DOI: 10.7256/2454-0641.2014.3.64960

Abstract: The Ukrainian Euromaidan, which has caused catastrophic consequences for the Ukrainian statehood, is known to be the fruit of the large-scale information and psychological operation, which was initiated by the West and invested with billions of dollars and immense human and media resources. The article involves an attempt to analyze some structural and psychological specificities of information and psychological operation “Euromaidan” (leet us call it that), namely, the image of Maidan as a manifestation of the opinion of the Ukrainian people and the pillar of struggle for the democracy, formation of a number of information myths and simulacra in the minds of Russian and Ukrainian people, in order to confuse the public opinion and to provoke inadequate political actions, such as the Rusophobia myth and the “bandit-Bandera” image of the Ukrainians, the myth of universal support of the Maidan by the Kyiv people, and some other. In addition, in the course of the operation the Western political technologists used the mechanisms for the transformation of the social discontent into the Euro-illusions and anti-Russian moods by anchoring. In fact, the Euro-hopes of most participants of the Ukrainian events regarding joining the European Union and the protest psychosis against the lawfully elected government were manifestations of sublimated discontent with the social policy of the government. At the same time overly high expectations o the Ukrainian people regarding entering the EU, which caused such fatal consequences, were formed as narcissistic projections of their expectations of the Euro-integration onto the image of the European Union, while its real policy towards the Ukraine did not give any grounds for the Euro-optimism. The article also analyzes some features of the possible information psychological counter-operation towards the ultra-nationalist and anti-Russian vector of the modern Ukrainian political life.

Keywords: international relations, foreign policy, information and psychological operation, Euro-illusions, informational simulacrum, counter-operation, myth, Ukraine, Maidan, security.

DOI: 10.7256/2454-0641.2015.4.16914

Abstract: This article is devoted to the study of modern forms, methods and technologies of color revolutions as the instruments of democratic transformation of traditional societies and the dismantling of political regimes. The author emphasizes that in the present conditions, unfortunately, we can not exclude the possibility of transfer of the experience of Ukrainian revolution organization to Russia. We could observe this situation during the events of the Arab Spring, when the scheme of color revolutions had been given "trial runs" in one country, and then, improved and modified, was transferred to another country.The methodological basis of the research contains the systems approach, the structural and functional and comparative-political approaches, the methods of analysis, synthesis, induction, deduction, observation. Color revolutions as efficient political technologies are very effective. At the same time, the stereotyped character of color revolutions technologies can lead to a significant decrease of their effectiveness. However, the widespread communication and information technologies create favorable conditions for the emergence of new and the improvement of old methods of political processes management in different countries.

DOI: 10.7256/2454-0641.2015.4.67190

Keywords: interests, diplomacy, coup d’état, , U.S. foreign policy, world politics, Russia, geopolitics, state, security, color revolutions

DOI: 10.7256/2454-0641.2014.3.11520

DOI: 10.7256/2454-0641.2014.3.64959

Abstract: The Ukrainian crisis, which probably did not yet culminate, was the manifestation of the highest point of the contradictions between Russia and the Western states. The policy of constraining, circling, weakening of Russia, which is known for many centuries, found its peak in the early XXI century. The Maidan events in the Ukrainian capital of Kyiv played the role of the bifurcation point, defining the open confrontation relations between Russia and the USA, taking into account the de-facto protectorate of the USA over the Europe, as well as relations between Russia and Europe. It is more than obvious, that neither the US and the NATO, nor the EU needs Ukraine as such, with its radically polarized 40 million population, stagnation economy and the level of corruption beyond any index. They are also not interested in facilitation of democratic values and guarantees of basic human rights and freedoms in this country.

Keywords: international relations, foreign policy, Russia, geopolitics, Ukraine, riot, conflict, the USA, the NATO, security.

DOI: 10.7256/2454-0641.2015.4.17179

Abstract: The article is devoted to the comparative analysis of two main cases in the study of modern color revolutions both on the Post-Soviet political space and in the world in general – the 2004 Orange Revolution and the so-called Euromaidan of 2013 – 2014 in Ukraine. The object of the research covers color revolutions in Ukraine. The subject of the research includes the forms, methods and peculiarities of practical use of the technologies of color revolutions in Ukraine in 2003 and 2013 – 2014. The aim of the research is to reveal the similarities and the differences in the scenarios of color revolutions in Ukraine in 2003 and 2013 – 2014. The methodology of the study is based on the systems approach, the structural-functional and comparative-political approaches, the methods of analysis, synthesis, induction, deduction and observation. The author emphasizes the fact that the Orange Revolution (2004) and “Euromaidan” (2013 – 2014) were directed according to the classical scenarios and realized in the forms of mass street protests. The models and mechanisms of coups d’état of 2004 – 2014 had many common features, but there were also differences which defined the specificity of each event and adapted them to the modern political situation in the country and in the world.

DOI: 10.7256/2454-0641.2015.4.67191

Keywords: interests, geopolitics, Russia, world politics, U.S. foreign policy, international relations, diplomacy, state, security, color revolutions

DOI: 10.7256/2454-0641.2014.3.11422

DOI: 10.7256/2454-0641.2014.3.64958

Abstract: The article is devoted to the analysis of sources for the formation, scenarios of development and possible directions for the regulation and prevention of the modern conflicts and crises. As the experience of forecasting the geopolitical situation of the late years has shown, the forming crises and conflicts cannot be diagnosed and recognized in a timely manner. The examples of the above are numerous “color revolutions” and protest movements, which took place in the post-Soviet territory and the Middle East, where the political expert community was not ready, in spite of repeating prerequisites and scenarios for the organization of such “revolutions”. The example of the above is the wave of the “Arabian revolutions” in the North African states, protest movements in Ukraine, Kyrgyzstan, Georgia and Moldova, which lead to elimination of the ruling regimes. To provide the vivid image, the triumph of the social networks caused the fiasco of political processes, where were applied back in the bipolar period, when two superpowers defined the main parameters of the global development, while the member states of military and political alliances followed the block discipline and actively supported the policies of the USSR or the USA in the international arena. Back in these times the forecasts involved linear extrapolation of the development in the situation at the national and international levels from the current point in the situation. Currently the situation is changed profoundly. The social and political processes in national and international system have became non-linear and turbulently manifested, due to the possibilities for almost all of the members of social networks to influence the development of political processes. All of the above considerably complicated revealing and diagnosis of the forming conflicts and crises.

Keywords: international relations, foreign policy, Arabian revolution, geopolitics, conflicts, diplomacy, state, interests, security, values.

DOI: 10.7256/2454-0641.2014.4.11924

DOI: 10.7256/2454-0641.2014.4.65637

Abstract: This article analyses the current system of international security. The article focuses on finding the key parameters of the international security system. On the basis of the synergy approach proposed by S. P. Kapitsa for describing demographic transition phenomena, the author identifies four parameters of the international security system: natural environment and resources; demographic growth, mass migration and the non-uniformity in the development of various areas of the world; information, science and technology; global economy and globalization. These developmental factors change the nature of international stability. Methodologically, this research is based on the systematic, structural and functional, comparative historical, comparative political, geopolitical and cultural civilization approaches, methods of analysis, synthesis, induction, deduction, modeling, observation. International security is understood as the internal condition (property) of the system of international relations which supports the life and interaction between countries, their regional associations and the global community as a whole as well as the protection of their vital interests from various threats that may arise. Organizationally, international security includes the system of measures aimed at reducing the level of international conflicts and procuring military strategic stability in the world, and at expanding the cooperation between different states and nations in order to combat their common threats.