International relations - rubric Global cooperation

Abstract: The study focuses on the interests of the People’s Republic of China in the Balkans. The study focuses on the political and economic relations of the People’s Republic of China with key players in the Balkans: Serbia, Romania, Bulgaria and the Republic of Turkey. The author examines in detail the national interests of the People’s Republic of China vis-à-vis the States of the region. Close attention is paid to the tension in the region and ways of its alleviation by the People’s Republic of China. This study is based on the theory of political realism characterizing relations between States as rivalry or enmity for the purpose of defending their national interests. The absence of confrontation between States is seen as a temporary phenomenon replaced by confrontation and/or military action. During the study the author applied institutional, analytical and problem-chronological methods. The main conclusions of the research are the establishment of the interests of the People’s Republic of China in the Balkan region in the context of the implementation by the People’s Republic of China of the project «One Belt and One Road», the land part of which is called «The Economic Belt of the New Silk Road», affects key players in the Balkan Peninsula: the Turkish Republic, Romania and Bulgaria. The author found an exception to the policy of economic expansion of the People’s Republic of China in the person of the Republic of Srpska. Moreover, the growth of trade between the People’s Republic of China and Serbia, Turkey, Romania and Bulgaria has been given close attention. The urgency of the study is due to the growing political and economic influence of the People’s Republic of China throughout the world, not excluding the Balkan region.

Keywords: Interests, OBOR, Bulgaria, Romania, Turkey, Kosovo, Serbia, Balkans, China, Silk Road

DOI: 10.7256/2454-0641.2021.1.34916

Abstract: As a separate issue, sexual violence in the context of armed conflict was first brought to the agenda in 2008; and has been regularly submitted to a discussion of the UN Security Council due to the fact that the acts of violence turned into a tactic of war and/or terrorism. Despite the global scale of the problem. Its significance in the context of peacekeeping and security, the topic at hand becomes another “fault line” in intergovernmental relations, causing a growing number of contradictions. This research aims to determine the key points in of divergence in the positions of UN member-states on the topic and their causes. The methods of applied quantitative analysis were used for calculating the differences in the countries’ approaches towards the problematic in percentage correlation. The analysis relies on the voting results of the state regarding the resolutions adopted by the UN Security Council and materials of the sessions of the UN Security Council, including declarations made by the states during open debates. The author indicates the escalation of contradictions, as well as notes that the position of the states on the issue of sexual violence during armed conflict is based not only on the political and economic prerequisites, but also on ethno-confessional peculiarities of the countries. The article also attempts to determine the coalitions of like-minded countries.

Keywords: weapon of terrorism, war, international security, UNSC Open Debates, UN Security Council, armed conflict, sexual violence, war crime, international humanitarian law, international law

DOI: 10.7256/2454-0641.2023.3.43956

Abstract: The article analyzes the challenges and prospects for cooperation between Europe and Latin America in the field of higher education. The aim of the paper is to identify the potential for interregional dialogue in the context of globalization. The methodology used is a comparative analysis of higher education systems in Europe and Latin America. As a result, it is shown that despite the Europeanization of Latin American education, there are still significant differences that need to be taken into account when transferring European experience. The priorities for further interaction – creation of a common educational space and scientific-innovative networks - are outlined. The results can be useful for developing a strategy of internationalization of education. The novelty lies in the systematic comparison of approaches to the modernization of higher education in the two regions. The conclusion is made about the need for effective coordination and search for optimal formats of dialogue between Europe and Latin America for the formation of a global educational space.

Keywords: Academic Environment, Europe, Latin America, Global Interuniversity Collaboration, Challenges, Prospects, International Cooperation, Research and development, Scientific and innovation networks, Higher Education

DOI: 10.7256/2454-0641.2020.1.32148

Abstract: The authors examine the main problems regarding the development of international legal framework in the area of fighting terrorism, including the elaboration of the universal definition of the phenomenon of “terrorism” and “international terrorism”. The analysis of legal systems of the leading countries indicates the differences in national legislations in the sphere of fighting terrorism, which creates difficulties on the global scale, since each state has the own representation on this phenomenon, and thus, the means of counteraction. Such gaps in the international law is beneficial for the United State to ensure national interests. The main conclusions lie in the thesis that the global community is currently incapable of developing the unified normative-legal base in the area of fighting terrorism, namely in pertains to consolidation of the universal definition of this phenomenon within the framework of the United Nations. Among the main reasons, the authors highlight the problem of cooperation of the national legal systems on the global scale in this sphere, as well as unwillingness of some countries to fulfill prior commitments.

Keywords: national law, UN, international law, global security, countering terrorism;, growing terrorist threat, terrorism, USA, war in Iraq, terrorist organizations

DOI: 10.7256/2454-0641.2020.3.33612

Abstract: The object of this article is the foreign affairs of Italian regions with other countries and their territorial entities. Despite the unitary state structure, Italy is a bright example of “regionalistic” country, within the framework of which the individual administrative-territorial units receive high level of autonomy in different spheres, including international relations. Therefore, de facto Italy can be regarded as “quasi-federation”. Analysis is conducted on the historical peculiarities of foreign activity of the Italian regions. The author examines the norms of Italian legislation on the division of powers between the state and the regions, as well as refers to the statutes of separate regions of Italy in the aspect of regulation of international cooperation. The novelty of this research consists in the analysis of legal framework with regards to the activity of Italian regions as the subjects of international cooperation, their legal capacity in the context of the conducted in Italy policy of decentralization policy. The article determines the key prerequisites for the devolution process in Italy, including contradictions between the South and North of the country, rise of popularity of regionalistic political parties and movements in the 1980s – 1990s, as well as the policy of EU institutions aimed at the establishment of direct contacts between the regions of the European states. The conclusion is made that granting extended autonomy to the Italian regions in sphere of international relations testifies to the erosion of sovereignty towards subnational level, which in turn, allows us resolving the tasks of socioeconomic development of the territories, as well as establishment of cultural and humanitarian connections with foreign countries, including Russia. ,

Keywords: external relations, Italy, autonomy, decentralization, devolution, international cooperation, regionalism, glocalization, constitutional reform, European integration

DOI: 10.7256/2454-0641.2023.4.69424

Abstract: This article is devoted to the study of the strategic partnership of the People’s Republic of China and the Russian Federation in the context of the implementation of their national interests. The relevance of the research topic is due to the development of bilateral cooperation between the Russian Federation and the People’s Republic of China in the context of the global «power transition» and the «turn to the East» of the Russian Federation. The «turn to the East» connected with the reorientation of the Russian oil and gas supply routes, has evolved and concluded in itself political and economic cooperation with a key player of the Asian region in the person of China. In turn, the «power transition», a struggle for which occurs between the People’s Republic of China and the United States, is only gaining momentum. The study focuses on relations between the People’s Republic of China and the Russian Federation. The study focuses on the strategic partnership between China and Russia in the context of realizing their national interests. This research is based on the paradigm of defensive realism that views international relations as anarchist in view of the presence of great powers. Moreover, under this paradigm, the system of international relations can be multipolar. The author widely used the following methods: content analysis, historism, comparative, logical and analytical. The main conclusion of this study is that in the context of the «power transition» with the participation of the People’s Republic of China and the «turn to the East» of the Russian Federation, the strategic partnership between the two states can be considered mutually beneficial, meeting their national interests. The key national interest of the Russian Federation is to build a just world order. China’s national interest is to expand its influence on the global arena.

Keywords: Cooperation, National interests, FDI, Soft power, Power transition, USA, China, RF, Russia, PRC

DOI: 10.7256/2454-0641.2014.1.9687

DOI: 10.7256/2454-0641.2014.1.63751

Abstract: The idea of global management in the Modern Age appeared in both philosophical thought and political practice time to time. In the XX century the idea of the new world order has appeared due to the ending of the First World War, when the problem of post-War political structure of the world was faced by all. The references to the new world order reappeared after the end of the cold war. And for the first time Mikhail Gorbachev started to speak of the new world order, later this term was used by the American politicians in regard to the conference in Malta, and finally, the new global order perspective was actively discussed after the speech of George Bush in Congress on September 11, 1990 regarding the Gulf War. The term had its own meaning in each of these situations. After the break-up of the Soviet Union the concept of the new world order loses its popularity. Instead of it there came concepts of end of history, global unipolarity, and civilization conflict. In the second half of the XX century global management is implemented via the system of international regimes and institutions. In the globalizing world the principles of international relations, which were typical for the Westphalian system have to be seriously reconsidered and reformatted. The forming global law presupposes that the state has certain obligations no matter whether it recognizes them or not. Russia has to find adequate responses to the challenges of the modern situation. It should take an active part in the formation of international regimes and institutions and use its influence in order to form favorable conditions for its modernization and development.

Keywords: Westphalian system, globalization, the UN, the world order, the post-Westphalian system, George Bush, Mikhail Gorbachev, global management, international organizations, international relations.

DOI: 10.7256/2454-0641.2015.3.15440

Abstract: The article studies the construction of regulation of relations within the Eurasian Economic Union. The author reveals the etymological and conceptual content of the construction; defines the notion of the construction as a standard model reflecting the legal condition of the structurally organized phenomenon of legal life; analyzes the provisions of the Treaty of the EAEU. The author concludes that the existing construction of the Treaty of the EAEU contains seven elements: the law of the Union; the system of the principles of the Union; legal relations within the EAEU; the system of the EAEU bodies as the managing parts; the mechanism of arguments resolution; customs union and customs regulation; common economic space. The author describes the essence of each element of the construction of the Treaty of the EAEU. Special attention is paid to the study of the law of the Union, the system of bodies and customs regulation. The methodology of the research is based on the dialectical method helping to reveal the peculiarities, the essence and the internal links, to form the author’s view and comprehension of the construction of regulation of the relations within the EAEU. The author also uses the general scientific and the special scientific methods of cognition. The exposition of the article and the conclusions are based on the logical, analytical and comparative-legal methods. The novelty of the research lies in the statement that with the formation of a new international integration association – the Eurasian Economic Union – appears the need to study the construction of regulation of relations within this association, its elements, internal links, etc. On the base of the analysis of the Treaty of the EAEU the author concludes that the construction of regulation of relations within the Union has a socio-political, financial, economical, and ideological meaning, and this fact determines its close interrelation with the principles of legal regulation of external economic relations. The author also concludes that the construction of regulation of relations within the Union has a financial-legal character.

Keywords: the customs Union, the Eurasian Economic Union, integration association, relationships, customs regulations, international Treaty, construction, the law of the Union, economic space, Eurasian economic Commission

DOI: 10.7256/2454-0641.2015.3.66649

DOI: 10.7256/2454-0641.2015.4.17168

Abstract: The study is devoted to the issues of innovative development of modern states in the context of recent trends of the world politics.The article examines the interrelation between global governance and economic cooperation through the prism of innovative development. The author comes to the conclusion that in the situation when many developed countries actively build their national innovation systems and increase innovative capacity, leadership of a particular country on the international arena can be based solely on economic cooperation with other actors of international relations. The methodology of the study is based on the systems approach, the structural-functional and comparative-political approaches, the methods of analysis, synthesis, induction, deduction and observation.The author notes the fact that innovations, as a rule, lead to the redistribution of power and are, thus, one of the causes of the change of the balance of political power, and, therefore, entail economic, political and social consequences.

DOI: 10.7256/2454-0641.2015.4.67192