DOI: 10.7256/2454-0706.2020.12.32408

Abstract: The subject of this research is the legal norms on the status of underage parents. Custody of a child of underage parents is regulated by special rules in Russia and abroad. The Russian legal model of child custody of underage parents is yet to be established. Unlike the countries of Germanic legal group (Germany, Switzerland, and Austria), the legislation of which features detailed description of the legal status of underage parents, the Russian legislation requires further improvement in this regard. Application of the method of comparative jurisprudence allowed determining the common and distinctive characteristics in the legal status of underage parents in German, Austrian, Swiss, and Russian legislation. The common feature for all aforementioned legislations consists in automatic removal of custody of a child of an underage parent when such parent attains the age of majority. In the author’s opinion, the best model of child custody (with regards to a child of underage parents who have reached the age of 16) is German model: an underage parent with partial civil capacity and a guardian both have rights to participate in parenting of a child, while guardian is the only legal representative of a child of an underage parent (in case if a child has no parents of the age of majority).

DOI: 10.7256/2454-0706.2020.12.32966

Abstract: The object of this research is the process of victimization of population of the Russian Federation from Internet fraud in the period from 2010 to 2019. The subject of this research is a number of criminological indicators that characterize the dynamics of victimization and criminal victimization. Using the empirical data, the author determines the actual number of the Internet fraud victims; built a retrospective model of development of this process based on calculation of the average annual rate of growth; increases awareness on the dynamics of the number of victims until 2013. The conclusion is made on the growing scope of victimization, which according to the data of assorted research of 2013-2019 carries an exponential function. Each three years the total number of victims doubles, which continues to grow since 2012 (associated with the reform of criminal legislation aimed at identification of the additional types of fraud using computer technologies). This pattern was used for structuring the projection models of victimization of users of the Russian segment of the Internet until 2021 (inclusively). The results of additional assorted research of 2020 demonstrate that only in 20% of cases the damage from Internet fraud exceeds 1,000 rubles. In accordance of the principle of recurrence of the Internet fraud, the structure of victimization is as follows: 52% are the victims of such crimes in recent year; 1/3 of respondents were the victims in previous years, but not in recent year; and only 13% became the victims in past years and recent year.  

DOI: 10.7256/2454-0706.2020.12.34103

Abstract: The subject of this research is the impact of assessment of judicial performance in accordance with the indicators of judicial statistics upon the organization of culture of the Russian court, which incorporates the shared by majority of judges informal rules of conduct, traditions, and values. The article describes such criteria for assessment of judicial performance as “quality”, “quantity”, and “terms”. In studying the historical origin of judicial performance assessment based on judicial statistics, it is demonstrated that the tradition of such assessment was founded in the 1930s, when political leadership who carried out repressive policy instigated “socialistic competition” between the courts and the judges. The article analyzes the impact of the “struggle for statistics” upon conduct of judges. Such circumstance that in consideration of cases the judges take into account judicial statistics violate the requirement of procedural fairness. There is a contradiction between the Russian legislation, which for the most part complies with the universally recognized international principles, and conservative organizational culture of the Russian courts. Mechanism of reproduction of the latter is the inertia of the “struggle for statistics”. In order to bring into compliance the representations of Russian judges on the acceptable conduct with the values of democratic justice, the system of assessment of judicial performance requires revision.

DOI: 10.7256/2454-0706.2020.12.32404

Abstract: The subject of this research is such legal phenomenon as the abuse of post by an employee in form concealment of information. The author analyzes the labor law, determines the gaps in legal regulation of the questions of abuse of position by employees. The article examines most common instances of abuse of post by employees in form of concealment of legally important facts from the employer, as well as carries out their classification by cases of concealment of information in the hiring process, in course of exercising their labor rights, and in termination of employment contract. The author underlines the inequality of the status of employer and employee with regards to protection by against the abuse of the opposite party of labor agreement. It is established that the range of the methods of protection of interests of the employer is limited, while an employee is in a much better position from the legal perspective. The scientific novelty consists in comprehensive analysis of legislative gaps in the area of regulation of misconduct of employees in the form of concealment of information. The author offers the mechanism for preventing the abuse of post by employees in the form of concealment of information, which is based on inclusion into local regulatory acts of the norms aimed at protection of rights and interests of the employer.

DOI: 10.7256/2454-0706.2020.12.33201

Abstract: This article examines the problem of correlation and dialectical connection between the theories of social being and law in the works of the prominent philosophers of the XIX – XX centuries (Émile Durkheim, Max Weber, Karl Marx, Georges Gurvitch, Jean Baudrillard, Michel Foucault, Niklas Luhmann, Jürgen Habermas, and others) who worked at the intersection of several fields of social sciences and made significant contribution to the theory of state and law. These scholars predicted multiple problems of modernity; therefore, reference to their theoretical heritage is valuable in the search of new legal understanding, the need for which has existed for a long time. The scientific novelty consists in the analysis of views of the leading theoreticians who dealt with the correlation between law and social sciences. Social in the social sciences was often considered from the perspective of evolution of human relations. The essence of the social was revealed in various types of cohesion of population or connectedness between the members of social groups. In such relations, an important element was morality, which emerged much earlier than law. Morality emerged with the conception of the social, while law – only with the advent of the state. The classical social theories of the late XIX – early XX centuries, identified the concept of “society” mostly with the politically organized and territorially restricted society of the modern Western national state.