Abstract: The author describes the merchants’ ethics at the end of the 19th century when a business deal was bound with a sign of the cross but not a stamp and the words ‘trust’ and ‘credit’ had the same meaning. It is not an accident that the author has considered such a topic during crisis in Russia. If we don’t understand and accept the ethical and psychological basis of business, we will not be able to build an ‘effective’ economic in Russia.

Keywords: psychology, ethics, economics, logics, me chantry, business

Abstract: Freud introduced his own conception of origin of culture. Freud’s conception differed from other similar conceptions (by Karl Marx, Ernst Cassirer, Eugene Fink and others). The author described the main positions of Freud’s conception based on the idea of culture being the particular feature which makes human different from animals. Special attention is paid at origin of taboos and totems.

Keywords: psychology, philosophy, culture, labor, activity, human, instinct, fear, animal

Abstract: The article is devoted to social creativity as a special form of human creativity. The author described the aspects of social creativity in large groups: state institution, religious community and nation. The article also suggests a unique model of phenotypic transformation under the influence of territorial alliance.

Keywords: psychology, social creativity, creative work, large groups, transformation, creative capacities, instincts, learning, religion, nation, state

Abstract: The author distinguished the terms ‘sign’ and ‘scheme’. He also described the main features of a scheme and analyzed the schemes mentioned in Emanuel Swedenborg’s work. Based on this analysis, the author introduced the so called ‘methodological schemes’ describing Swedenborg’s schemes and defined the procedure of methodological schematization.

Keywords: psychology, philosophy, scheme, category, image, substitution, reality, activity, reconstruction, methodology, reflection

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Abstract: Unlike Freud, Fromm came to the conclusion that it is the society but not a patient which needs to be cured. The article is mainly pointed at describing what healthy society is. According to the author, healthy society is based on healthy human needs. The author also analyses the ‘human situation’ as it was described by Erich Fromm. Significant attention is given to the term ‘social character’.

Keywords: psychology, psychoanalysis, the unconscious, revolution, society, humanism, social personality, communitarian socialism

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Abstract: Modern Western culture is based on the idea of unquestionable value of individualism for the current generation. However, we don’t always consider what individualism is actually in the modern society. The author of the article well shows that individualism, as it is understood nowadays, is just another form of a myth. In reality, search for individuality often turns into depersonalization and conformism.

Keywords: psychology, philosophy, personality, individual, person, individualism, freedom, citizen, social life, character

Abstract: The article considers how perception of one’s body changes after plastic surgery. In this context, the author touched upon the questions of connection between prototype and image, identity and destruction of a personal core.

Keywords: psychology, human, body, corporeity, prototype, image, plastic surgery

Abstract: Myth is born at the moment when biological existence splits apart. Myth is born there where imagination rules and mind understood what time was. According to the author, cultural evolution resulted in globalization and modification of the myth which has reached its final stage, - the myth of ‘information society’. Such progressive modernization does not consider the psyche though which is unable to transform itself in a rigid system of orthogonal coordinates of physical and psychic realities. However, there where the natural world of conscious ends, intuition and imagination free themselves from fear and can open a new stage as a result of revolutionary and metaphysical transformation of psyche.

Keywords: psychology, myth, evolution, adaptation, psyche, eidetic mind, rationalism

Abstract: Many times humor has been the matter at issue in history of philosophy and psychology. There are numerous ideas and conceptions describing the phenomenon of humor. However, many psychological aspects of this topic are still left unstudied. The author views the humor in the context of psychological problems.

Keywords: psychology, humor, the comic, funny, wit, emotion, intellect, the unconscious, comic

Abstract: The author of the article defined the range of images of irony and described how poetics of irony manifests itself in poetics of Eros. In the article Eros is interpreted as sickness or alcohol intoxication. It is noted that irony keeps the secret of the ‘self’.

Keywords: psychology, philosophy, irony, poetics, humor, comic, tragic, wit, laughter, pretension, Eros, love

Abstract: The author talks of how capricious our memory is when it makes us interpret these or those events of our life as ‘happy’ or ‘unhappy’. It is underlined that our memory can play tricks with us and actual facts may be very different from what we remember.

Keywords: psychology, memory, emotions, human

Abstract: Analyzing the novel ‘Perfume’ by Patrick Suskind the author thinks about the role of aromas in our life as well as consequences of establishment of perfumery, - the science which allowed human to keep and mix natural fragrances and turn them into a power influencing people and their relations.

Keywords: psychology, philosophy, fragrance, human, nature, power