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Abstract: Freud created his personality conception based on the Enlightenment model. However, his studies considerably shook the Enlightenment model of human. Freud’s studies showed that human mind is not actually the true trigger of our thoughts, emotions and behavior. So it would be reasonable to view unconsciousness as the basis of personality.

Keywords: psychology, Enlightenment, tradition, sexuality, personality, neurosis, feelings, typology, individual, libido.

Abstract: The article is devoted to the draft of comparative anthropology proposed by a German scientist Wilhelm Humboldt over two hundred years ago. Humboldt viewed comparative anthropology as a new science. Based on him, comparative anthropology was aimed at studying individual personalities. However, unlike physiological anthropology, comparative anthropology focuses not on differences but on the relation between certain peculiarities and the general ideal of personality. Drawing a line between science and humanology which studies human in general (or especially interesting individuals), Humboldt included ‘community personalities’ into the sphere of his study. Basically, Humboldt talked about ethnicity.

Keywords: psychology, Enlightenment, Humboldt, science, comparative anthropology, humankind, personality, human, human types, ideal.

Abstract: The author of the article summarizes results of the experimental and psychological research of the phenomenon of loneliness in certain population groups living in the East Kazakhstan Province. During her research the author also took into account the social status and gender differences of respondents. The article describes theoretical research and experimental proof of certain actually existing social and psychological determinants. The author of the article discovers that there is a certain relation between loneliness and psychological qualities. The author also provides the quantitative and qualitative analysis of the results of experiment.

Keywords: psychology, phenomenon of loneliness, deliberate loneliness, forced loneliness, situational loneliness, social group, age differences, gender differences, psychological research, loneliness.

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Abstract: The article describes cultural gameplay technologies from the point of view of entelechy. In philosophy the term ‘entelechy’ is defined as an essential measure of the relation between consciousness as subjectivity and objective world such as one’s inner or spiritual world or even the world of nature. The authors of the article also views multi-culturalism within the framework of the multi-linguality concept. Multi-lingual reality has more ways and methods of translation of multi-lingual experience. The latter ensures the secrecy of transfer of unique and socially valuable information (life activity) and experience of human relations with the language. The channel of communication in this process is the multi-lingual’s attitude to the language. The phenomenon of multt-lingualism assumes hat the language and the multi-ligual (the person studying it) are brought together in a natural environment where this co-event is happening. The authors of this particular article study the main definitions of multi-ligual reality as a method of realization of public and individual needs. The invariant of multi-lingual reality is closely connected with the logic of ideal materialism of the linguistic content and its expression principles. Multi-lingual reality exists as some kind of another world dynamic unity of plurality and integration. Multi-lingual factors belong to the temporal reality. The method of eidos variation allows to understand the essential invariants of multi-linguism.

Keywords: pedagogy, entelechy, evocation, multi-linguality, game, meta-language, semiotics play, multi-culturalism, significatum.

Abstract: Rollo May is one of the founders of existential humanistic psychology. His works describe a number of anthropological ideas related to human ability (power) or disability (powerlessness), anxiety and defense from these states called pseudo incense. Rollo May also describes these phenomena in the situations of choice and experience of the Other. Personality formation, development of the Self and ability to realize one’s opportunities are the main topics of this article.

Keywords: psychology, philosophy, human, personality, intentionality, identity, inner center, freedom, anxiety, disability, power, entirety, the Other, choice.

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Abstract: The article is devoted to envy as a factor of dysfunctions of woman’s reproduction system including sterility. The relation between psychological sterility and envy is based on Sigmund Freud’s, Langer’s and Melani Klein’s ideas. Disturbed identification with the mother’s figure is viewed as the main factor of woman’s sterility. Based on Langer, inability to carry and to get birth to a child results from woman’s destructive fantasies about her mother or adverse and tragic events happened to her mother and herself. Being an adult, such a woman constantly vacillate between paranoic and depressive attitudes to pregnancy. Such an understanding of early disorders as a part of the concept of envy allows to draw out the role and psychosomatic mechanisms of many dysfunctions of woman’s reproductive system.

Keywords: psychology, envy, identification, sterility, desire, child, feminity, maternity, destruction, hatred.

Abstract: The article stresses out the term ‘public subconsciousness’ although this term is not so well known in social and humanitarian studies. The author of the article underlines that this term must be distinguished from Jung’s term ‘collective unconscious’ which means the product of inherited brain structures. The author analyzes over two hundred of comments from social networks that talk about dreams in which an individual stays in the army or students’ dormitory. The author states that there is a certain matrix of perceiving and evaluating social realities that stands above individual subconsciousness. This layer of consciousness is represented in one’s dreams and provides grounds for understanding the realities of modern Russian society and its consciousness structures.

Keywords: psychology, subconsciousness, consciousness, unconsciousness, psychoanalysis, dream, army, dormitory, Freud, Jung.

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Abstract: German philosopher Friedrich Nietzsche was focused on the idea about the disruptiveness of human existence. In this life all of us have to be either a man or a woman. We do not have a chance to experience the entire, integrated experience of human existence. However, there is more to it than that. The matter is that culture is also becoming fragmentary and kaleidic. People who belong to one cultural layer have difficulty understanding those who belong to another cultural level. This particular article describes how Nietzsche interpreted Antique culture and what mistakes he made in his still genius interpretation.

Keywords: psychology, philosophy, antique times, apolloism, dionyseism, culture, myth, Hellenism, pessimism, tragedy.

Abstract: As a rule, philosophers start with the proposition that dualism of the physical and spiritual worlds are something undeniable. However, as psychology often proves, it is not so easy at all. Perception of very simple items such as a chair, house, or a person is not only the sum of sensations or ‘sense data’ as philosophers — positivists like to describe it. Perception is based on the gestalt of sense data plus memory plus formation of concepts, verbal and other symbols plus conditions for a proper usage of the object and many other factors as well. Researches show that even at laboratory perception is driven by one’s motivation and expected reward.

Keywords: psychology, body, soul, philosophy, somatics, psychosomatics, dualism, interaction, biology, experience.

Abstract: Audio drugs or I-Dosers are the name of digital sound files which supposedly have a psychoactive influence. These files are made up of sounds of a certain frequency and have been widely spread all over the Internet lately. Audio drugs influence the psychic state due to the impact of binaural rhythms with the same frequency as the ‘brain waves’. The author of the article makes an attemp to understand the phenomenon of a wide consumpion of audio drugs on the Internet based on psychological and neurophysiological analysis. The author tries to assess the damage caused by audio drugs and at the same time shows how topical this issue is. Even today the phenomenon of I-Dosers have many ‘blank spots’ and unclarified details.

Keywords: psychology, digital drugs, binaural acoustic effect, Hemi-Sync technology, mind machines, psychtechnics.