DOI: 10.7256/2454-0722.2021.4.36540

Abstract: The problem of information impact is extremely relevant and significant in modern clinical psychology and medicine in the context of the emergence of risk of neurotic disorders. Russian and foreign authors view information is viewed as one of the key factors of neurogenesis. In modern scientific circulation, the generally accepted term that denotes pathogenic effect of information is the information overload. The author outlines the content of the concept and stress factors of its occurrence. There is lack of research dedicated to interdependence between the information stress factors and personal response. No specific personality characteristics that determine the sensitivity or resistance of an individual to particular causes of information overload are revealed. The object of this research is the impact of the factors of information overload upon the individual. The subject is the interrelation between personal peculiarities and specificity of the impact of information stress factors. The study involved medical students as the respondents who constantly deal with the key information stress factors due to specificity of their activity. The article is based on the 5PFQ five-factor personality survey, BMS II survey (fatigue-monotony-satiety-overload). V. A. Bodrov’s classification of the factors of information overload allowed developing the questionnaire that indicated the “direct information” factors. The author establishes acute significance of the estimated causes of information overload among the respondents. The use of correlation analysis allows establishing the dependence between personality characteristics and specific impact of the information stress factors, which reveals individual sensitivity to the particular information stressors.

DOI: 10.7256/2454-0722.2021.4.36778

Abstract: The subject of this research is the peculiarities of economic behavior, namely economic attitudes (activity in the economic sphere, financial literacy, trust in economic institutions, etc.) and representations (concept of money, shortage of money resources, financial security, solutions to financial problems). The goal lies in determination and description of the economic behavior (economic attitudes and perception of money) and their correlation with the psychological characteristics of young people (self-regulation of stressful states and resilience). The research involved young people under the age of 35. The following toolset was used: “Questionnaire for instant diagnostics of economic attitudes” developed by O. S. Deinek, E. V. Zabelina, “Diagnostics of stress condition” developed by A. O. Prokhorov, “Test for resilience” adapted by E. N. Osin, E. I. Rasskazova.. As a result of the conducted research, the author determines various patterns of the economic behavior of youth, as well as correlation of economic attitudes and perception of money with the psychological resources of a person. It is established that youth with an active economic position, financial literacy, and trust in economic institutions is characterized with the ability to adequately assess stressful circumstances and effectively cope with stress. Youth with an attitude towards socioeconomic comparison of own opportunities with others, as well as with passive adaptation to the market conditions experiences strong discomfort due to economic inequality. The author reveals that young people are exposed to stressful situations and anxiety in the situations of uncertainty and financial risks.

DOI: 10.7256/2454-0722.2021.4.36645

Abstract: The subject of this article is the examination of the root problems of the adverse impact of socioeconomic risk factors upon the psychological component of school adaptation of first-graders. The goal lies in establishment of correlation between the characteristics of psychological component of school adaptation of elementary school students and various socioeconomic risk factors in their early development. The research involves 284 first-graders 7-8 years of age (126 girls and 158 boys). Research methodology relies on the following materials: “House – Tree – Man” by J. Buck, “Little Houses” by A. O. Orekhova, “Faces” by N. V. Lukyanchenko, T. L. Yadryshnikov, “Ladder” by V. G. Shchur, social passport of a family. The correlation analysis reveals that the indicators of the psychological component of school adaptation, such as the level of self-esteem, emotional adaptation, depressive states, emotional background, and sense of security, are most affected by the socioeconomic risk factors of early development. The author also establishes the dependence of the characteristics of psychological component of school adaptation of first-graders on the educational background of their parents and family atmosphere. Socioeconomic risk factors in child’s life prior to school are rather related to emotional state of a child, determining the emotional well-being and success in school adaptation. Timely identification of these factors allows preventing the difficulties that may arise during the school period.

DOI: 10.7256/2454-0722.2021.4.36983

Abstract: The goal of this article lies in establishing possible dependence of the age status and the rate of aging of the individual with their intimate and sexual relations. The subject of this research is the peculiarities of correlation between satisfaction with intimate-sexual relations and the parameters of age and biopsychological aging. It is empirically determined that the overall satisfaction and dissatisfaction with intimate-sexual relations reduce with age, while the component of “mutual satisfaction” enhances. The increase of age status is associated with inclination of evaluations in the intimate-sexual relations towards negative characteristics. The high rates of aging, on the contrary, create grounds for satisfactory assessment of intimate-sexual relations. The acquired conclusions testify that the opinions of people with different age status and rates of biopsychological aging in assessing satisfaction in the intimate-sexual sphere are quite unified, particularly in terms of the characteristics of “desirability”. Psychological youthfulness of people in the intimate-sexual sphere is related to the parameter of “activity” and priority of “stability with the regular partner” over the desire to experiment through inclusion aggression and easy to approach partners in the repertoire of sexuality. For persons with high rate of biological aging are observed the priority of “mutuality”, sense of intimate-sexual satisfaction, and a no desire to experiment. The novelty of this research is lies in differentiation of the contribution of age status and rate of aging into personal subjective assessment of the intimate-sexual sphere. The author outlines the most significant interrelations between the type of age and the rate of aging and the characteristics of intimate-sexual satisfaction, which gives a more accurate perspective on the contribution of meaningful sexual relationships to the processes of longevity, and choice of adequate strategies for educational and counseling purposes, as well as therapy.

DOI: 10.7256/2454-0722.2021.4.36900

Abstract: In the context of the problem of institutionalization of the Russian and Soviet psychology of the early XX century, the research is conducted on the peculiarities of organizing scientific work under the leadership of G. I. Chelpanov. For determination of the composition and characteristics of the research groups created by him, the author carries out biographical and bibliographic analysis of personal written documents, materials that characterizes the official activity of the scholars and communities, historical-psychological works dedicated to life and research activity of G. I. Chelpanov. The three scientific-educational bases for the creation of research groups headed by Chelpanov are highlighted: the Psychological Seminary at the Department of Philosophy of the Imperial University of St. Vladimir in Kiev (1897–1907), the Psychological Seminary at the Imperial Moscow University (1907–1912), and the Institute of Psychology named after L. G. Shchukina (1912–1923). The staff composition of the research groups is revealed. The novelty of this article lies in the description of G. I. Chelpanov as the pioneer of the Russian psychological science and education, who duly appreciated teamwork at the stage of establishment of psychology as big science in the early XX century. The traces the succession of the staff composition of research groups ,as well as the subject of reports and research conducted by the members of the collective, according to the plan developed by the leader G. I. Chelpanov, primarily in the scope of general psychology. It is demonstrated that in the course of socially significant activity, on the collective basis were resolved the tasks of training of competent philosophers and psychologists, and later of implementation of the research program on the development of theoretical-methodological  fundamentals of the empirical research of psyche. The authors underline the importance of individual approach implemented by Chelpanov in working with the scientific associates aimed at the development of their creative skills.

DOI: 10.7256/2454-0722.2021.4.36955

Abstract: The impact of the COVID-19 pandemic upon everyday live alongside the conditions of isolation with even more tasks to be accomplished, testify to the high level of distress faced by every employee. There is an inextricable link between the increased number of workers experiencing emotional burnout and the conditions of self-isolation due to the pandemic. Thus, the subject of this research is the factors that have a direct impact upon the emotional state of young professionals and university students, as well as possible consequences of the emotional burnout. The scientific novelty lies in comprehensive analysis of the emotional and professional types of burnout, as well as the consequences of the COVID-19 pandemic, which inflicted a severe blow to the most vulnerable link – knowledge workers. This group faced an overwhelming stress at work and studying even prior to the outbreak of the pandemic. In recent years, the situation has worsened: an increasing number of people identify themselves as emotionally burned out, and many blame the pandemic. The author conducted the survey “Symptoms of the Job Burnout Questionnaire” among the students and young professionals of the Financial University under the Government of the Russian Federation. The results, as well as effective methods of coping with emotional burnout during the pandemic, are presented in this research.

DOI: 10.7256/2454-0722.2021.4.34834

Abstract: The relevance of this research is substantiated by the fact that absolutely all modern researchers in the field of family and marriage relations unanimously claim the crisis of family values and the institution of marriage overall. The subject of this research is the modern socio-psychological studies of family and marriage relations. The goal lies in topical areas of research that require the attention of psychologists. The main research method is the theoretical analysis carried out on the basis of dissertations on the corresponding problematic for the recent decade, as well as scientific articles published in the XXI century. The novelty of this article consists in outlining the key vectors of modern socio-psychological research of family and marriage relations carried out in the XXI century, as well as the new socio-psychological phenomena in the subject field of family and marriage relations. The conclusion is made that at the present stage, the interest of scholars captures the entire life cycle of a family, where each stage is peculiar in its own way; but the socio-psychological characteristics of this phenomenon determine the success of each stage, primarily the relationship between the spouses and family members. The conclusion is made that the overcoming the current crisis of the institution of family largely depends on its participants, professional competencies of the psychologists  with their research activity, development of the programs and trainings, professional counseling, etc.

DOI: 10.7256/2454-0722.2021.4.35802

Abstract: The subject of this research is the methods of psychological support of flight activity, which explicate the theory of Doctor of Psychological Sciences, Professor D. V. Gander on psychological support of flight activity. The author explores such questions as making decisions by pilot as the operator of ergatic system, with emphasis on the psychological aspects of flight activity on modern aircrafts and formation of professional competencies of the pilot. The research methodology is based on the systemic approach and encompasses theoretical-analytical and generalizing methods, longitudinal analysis, collection of empirical data, analysis of pilot activity through studying documentation and expert survey, professiography, and mathematical statistics. The scientific novelty is defined by the developed model of personal potential of the pilot from the perspective of holistic representation on the specificity and dynamics of the development of personal potential. The study of psychological professionally important qualities led to the creation of the factor model of personal potential of the pilot; while qualitative analysis of the acquired data allowed interpreting the content of personal potential from the perspective of systemic approach. Thus, the hypothesis is proven that the success of mastering flight activity depends not so much on the absolute values of the development of professionally important qualities, but on the specifically organized structure of qualities that form personal potential of the pilot. It is also stated that the achievements in flight activity are the most significant indicator of the status of development of personal potential.

DOI: 10.7256/2454-0722.2021.4.37033

Abstract: This article provides a brief overview of the results of theoretical and empirical research of professional motives in activity of the executives in the sphere of municipal administration in the Russian Federation, taking into consideration the impact of priority professional motives upon the effective performance of the major job functions. The object of this research is the professional motivation of the executives in the sphere of municipal administration, whole the subject is interrelation between the effectiveness of performance of the head of municipal administration and their motivation for the implementation of such activity. The authors dwell on the leading motives of activity, effectiveness of the performance, and municipal administration; as well as determine the gender aspect of motivation among the executives of municipal administration. Leaning on the theoretical-methodological analysis of scientific approaches towards examination of the professional activity of the executive, clarification is given to the motivational structure that determines the effectiveness of the performance. The article expands the conceptual theoretical-methodological framework of labor psychology, as well as gives clarification to the existing concepts. The personal and professional characteristics of the head of municipal administration that determine the effectiveness of their professional activity are supplemented: professional skills and competencies essential for the executive to solve the key tasks and issues within their job functions alongside the personal qualities: high intellectual abilities, masculine behavioral pattern and conservatism among female executives, manifestation of femininity in the behavior of male executives, authoritativeness, scrupulousness in responsible situations, need for recognition, remuneration, and self-improvement.

DOI: 10.7256/2454-0722.2021.4.34855

Abstract: This article analyzes and describes the results of research on representations on the future fields of activity of modern youth. A total of 1,538 respondents aged 14 to 28 years participated in the research. They were asked to name five main activities that expect to be engaged in five years from now. The goal of this work lies in studying the gender and institutional differences in perception of the future types of activity among youth. The article examines the topic of development in adolescence as a transitional period between childhood and adulthood. The transition of adolescence is determined by comparison of the development type with the leading field of activity. It is demonstrated that selection of the type of activity associated with arrangement of personal life or professional activity, young individuals limit their future to a single sphere. Gender peculiarities in representations of future career of young ladies are associated with the arrangement of their personal life, while of young men – with entertainment and health. The students of vocational secondary education associate their future with work and family, as well as games and entertainment, while for the university students, this niche is taken by creativity and traveling.