DOI: 10.7256/2454-0722.2024.2.70023

EDN: ZBERQX

Abstract: The subject of the study is post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) of people exposed to stress factors in the city of Mariupol during the active phase of the Special Military Operation in the city. Taking into account the tasks of socio-psychological rehabilitation of the civilian population located in an area of increased risk of psychological and physical trauma, identifying the level of prevalence of PTSD in Mariupol is extremely relevant from both a scientific and applied point of view. Obtaining relevant information is important both for further in-depth research and for the development and implementation of appropriate programs of socio-psychological and (or) depth psychological rehabilitation. In addition, this information is relevant in the context of solving the problem of forming the all-Russian civic identity among new generations of Russians. The study used structured clinical interview technology, as well as the Clinical-Administered PTSD Scale (CAPS) and a PTSD screening questionnaire. Based on the data obtained during the study, it was concluded that, in comparison with similar indicators identified among the civilian population of Afghanistan and Chechnya, who were in the territory of intense military operations and experienced the effects of powerful stress factors, as well as among people who witnessed the shooting of the Russian parliament in 1993, the prevalence of PSTD among residents of Mariupol who were in the city during the operation to liberate it is quite low. In the opinion of the authors of the article, this fact is explained by the fact that the majority of Russian citizens who remained in Mariupol and returned to it perceive the military actions of 2022 as a “forced necessity”. This leads to the conclusion about the extreme importance of using psychological and psychological-pedagogical technologies in the sphere of protecting traditional values.

DOI: 10.7256/2454-0722.2024.2.70045

EDN: RZKQIJ

Abstract: The subject of the study is the attitude of the personality of elderly and senile people to the meaning of life and life satisfaction. The methodological basis of the study is the biopsychosocial approach, as a fundamental research model in medicine and medical psychology. Changes in the lives of older people are associated with retirement, changes in social status, loss of professional, interpersonal connections and financial stability, the presence of health problems, which leads to changes in values and meanings of life, and sometimes to maladaptation, which makes it relevant to study the characteristics of individual relationships old people. The purpose of the study is to identify the characteristics of the personality of elderly and senile people to the meaning of life and life satisfaction and to indicate the direction of psychological assistance. Scientific novelty of the study: empirical data were obtained on significant differences in the life-meaning orientations of elderly and senile people. The study was focused on studying the life-meaning orientations, life satisfaction, cognitive functions and emotional state of elderly and senile people. When analyzing the relationships between indicators, it was revealed that the meaningfulness of life of older people is associated with the consistency of achieving goals, which leads to positive self-esteem and satisfaction with life itself. Representatives of old age, due to physical and cognitive decline, distance themselves from activity in society, while maintaining satisfaction with life. The focus of psychological assistance programs requires a differentiated approach when working with elderly and senile people. Along with the correction of cognitive functions and the formation of new hobbies, it is important to include classes to develop communication skills among representatives of the older group. The results obtained can be used by specialists in medical and social institutions.

DOI: 10.7256/2454-0722.2024.2.70276

EDN: FRUXSW

Abstract: The object of this research is the motivational and semantic relations of the individual. The subject of the research is the motivational and semantic relations of employees with different professional affiliations and specifics of performing functional duties. The purpose of the research is to study the structure of motivational and semantic relations of a person and to identify patterns of influence of professional affiliation and functional duties. The methodological basis for writing the article is the research of domestic and foreign scientists. Theoretical (comparative analysis) and empirical (interview, questionnaire) research methods were used in the study. The orientation of motivational and semantic relations of a person does not depend on the professional affiliation and the specifics of the performance of functional duties. Since the motivational and semantic relations of a person in professional activity are characterized by the presence of motivation based on the personal meaning, which motivates a person to activity and depend on the psychological state of a person who is in certain life circumstances. Motivational and semantic relations of a person are based on motivational and semantic processes that accompany and support a person throughout his or her working life. The aim of the work is to establish the regularities of the influence of professional affiliation and the specifics of functional duties on the motivational and semantic relations of employees to professional activities. In order to increase the efficiency of professional activities and improve the motivation of employees to the heads of organizations, the authors give practical recommendations for improving psychological support in organizations.

DOI: 10.7256/2454-0722.2024.2.70524

EDN: QTHJVL

Abstract: The work carried out a neuropsychological assessment of different types of memory and determined the profiles of mnestic disorders depending on the type of hemispheric asymmetry and localization of the lesion. The analysis of the features of the course of stroke in the right (subdominant) hemisphere was carried out. The main symptoms of impaired types of memory, for which the subdominant hemisphere is responsible, were studied. The presented data correlate with the data found in the world literature: stroke in the subdominant hemisphere has a less pronounced effect on memory impairment, is associated with a better prognosis, while visual memory, spatial, logical, and mechanical suffer more often. A detailed topographic analysis of the syndromatics is presented, comparing instrumental data on visualization of the lesion and psychological tests that reveal a deficiency of a particular type of memory. The data obtained make it possible to identify targets and opportunities for early neuropsychological correction of disorders by attracting compensatory brain capabilities, which is important when planning an individual rehabilitation program. The analysis of mnestic activity in patients with strokes in the right (subdominant) hemisphere was carried out. The applied set of patho- and neuropsychological methods: The Wexler memory scale, Indirect memorization according to A.N. Leontiev, the "Pictograms" technique, Benton's Visual retention, the "Memorizing 10 words" Technique, the "Memorizing faces" technique, the "Memorizing shapes" method., the MOSS test. For the first time, a comprehensive clinical, psychological and experimental psychological study was conducted, which made it possible to characterize the quality and hierarchy of impaired and preserved types of mental activity in the defeat of the right (subdominant) hemisphere. For the first time, a comparative analysis of disorders of the mnestic activity of the dominant and subdominant hemispheres of the brain was carried out, which allowed us to identify the specifics of memory disorders depending on the lateralization of lesions. The novelty is also represented by the systematization of mnestic disorders carried out by the author, accompanied by the isolation of neuropsychological syndromes of disorders of mnestic activity in the defeat of various parts of the right (subdominant) hemisphere in the acute period of syndromes of occipital, temporal, parietal lobe lesions and their combinations. Based on the data obtained, the necessity of studying the features of mnestic activity in order to restore and further rehabilitate higher mental functions in patients with cerebral infarction in the right hemisphere is justified.

DOI: 10.7256/2454-0722.2024.2.70499

EDN: SWUQWO

Abstract: Emotional burnout and professional maladaptation are quite common problems for many professionals who work with people, especially teachers. It is known that the phenomena under consideration can not only be related to each other, but also lead to serious problems with somatic and mental health, and can also provoke poor-quality, negligent performance of their duties, which, in turn, can lead to even greater negative consequences. To date, in the scientific literature there is practically no analysis of the connection between emotional burnout and neuropsychic maladjustment with other clinical and psychological characteristics of summer camp counselors. At the same time, the initial results of research into the level of burnout and work maladjustment indicate a fairly wide distribution of these phenomena. The purpose of our research was to study the relationship between the clinical and psychological characteristics of children's camp counselors and the level of their emotional burnout and neuropsychic maladjustment. The study involved 81 counselors from different children's camps with 24-hour stay. All employees completed a package of methods aimed at studying emotional burnout, neuropsychic maladaptation, motivation, personality structure, reflexivity, anxiety, communication skills, and emotional intelligence. The article presents the results of a study of correlations between indicators of emotional burnout, the level of neuropsychic maladaptation with other clinical and psychological characteristics of children's camp teachers. These phenomena are associated with a number of personal characteristics: anxiety, emotional intelligence, communicative competence, personality structure. In particular, counselors with a low level of burnout and a low level of maladjustment were characterized by sociability, trustfulness, emotional stability, an adequate reaction to conflict situations and a low level of anxiety. The results obtained are partially confirmed by our previous research and make a new contribution to the understanding of those factors that influence the state of counselors in terms of human capital. However, we also identified some contradictions in the data, such as the lack of a statistically significant connection between emotional burnout and the level of motivation. This indicates that motivation may play a less significant role in the formation of burnout among summer camp counselors compared to other professional groups, such as teachers. Of particular interest is the conclusion about the connection between the level of emotional burnout and neuropsychic maladjustment. There is a high level of maladaptation among counselors with a high level of burnout, which indicates a connection between these phenomena.