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Abstract: The most important today’s imperative is to fully understand the Russian society which we try to reform. This, in turn, requires us to reflect on the past and current states of the Russian culture. Otherwise we risk to look like the order of intellectual hermits from Hermann Hesse’s novel The Glass Bead Game. In the book the hermits tried to escape from a dirty and noisy real world by playing Chinese music and guessing riddles solely for themselves.

Abstract: The author tried to systematize F. Nietzsche’s ideas related to psychology. He pointed out that the German philosopher had very diverse thoughts on that discipline. The author also described what Nietzsche’s psychological conception was oriented at and how it influenced further development of philosophy and psychology.

Keywords: philosophy, psychology, cultural sciences, existing, psychology of art, psychological reflection, Apollonistic, Dionystic

Abstract: Abstract: the author continued to analyze the àïîëëîíè÷åñêîãî è äèîíèñèéñêîãî beginnings. The article reveals the idea of their synthesis and at the same time covers other psychological views of the great philosopher. The author of the article paid special attention at the vast number of ideas requiring further studying.

Keywords: psychology, philosophy, art, dionisiistvo, apollonizm, tragedy, culture, intuition, sokratizm, human nature

Abstract: Review: the article is devoted to understanding the phenomenon of power from the point of view of history and philosophy. Special attention is paid at the conception of power mania suggested by Adler. The author also underlined philosophical and anthropological aspects of the problem. The article contains a brief review of modern conceptions of power. Key words: philosophy, psychology, power mania, ambition, will to power, political philosophy, personality, dominance, submission, politics, passion

Abstract: The author described the differences in Adler’s and Nietzsche’s conceptions of power mania. It is noted that Nietzsche viewed the will for the power as a part of ontological development and Adler saw it from the anthropological point of view. The author also revealed the role of the inferiority complex in formation of the power mania. Key words: psychology, power mania, inferiority complex, instinct, Eros and Thanatos, Will, slavery, slave, human, human psychology

Abstract: Psychological science in general has a contradictory situation related to the conception of extremism as it is used in ideology, political and other sciences connecting with national and trans-confession identity. Extremism is a poly-semantic term (i.e. it has many meanings). The phenomenon of extremism is also manysided and this is why it would be appropriate to view this phenomenon from different points of view using all the variety of approaches and methods of modern science. Theoretical interpretation of the definition of extremism has both a meaning both for science, ideology and politics.

Keywords: psychology, extremism, tolerance (intolerance), identity (self-identity), egocentrism, counter-culture, nihilism, estrangement, conflict, personal style.

Abstract: The article analyzes the role of modern technologies of psychological influence on mass consciousness, technologies of color revolutions and controlled chaos during recent events which took place in the Middle East and North Africa.

Keywords: psychology, technologies, policy, psychological operations, international relations, color revolutions, management of consciousness, management of conflicts, safety, the Arab world.

Abstract: The article describes the cultural and civilization approach to modern models, ways and technologies of psychological management of international and domestic conflicts. Nowadays there is a great variety of different methods, ways and technologies of psychological influence on conflicts, however, all of them have concrete cultural and civilization differences and can be conventionally unified as the four basic approaches to perception of the world: Anglo-Saxon, East Asian, Middle East (Islamic) and West European (Romano-German). The article also proposes and justifies the basic requirements for the Russian national model of psychological management of conflict.

Keywords: psychology, psychotechnics, psychological technologies, international relations, management of conflict, psychology of conflict, psychological safety, psychological surgeries, information policy, political modernization.

DOI: 10.7256/2454-0722.2016.5.18818

Abstract: The subject of the research is the phenomenon of the will to power as a peculiar passionate beginning of human nature. The appearance of power is caused by the social need because society cannot do without a governor, however, the phenomenon of leadership cannot be reduced to the will to power. It is rooted in the depths of human soul and appears as some kind of response to the existential need to be united wih the surrounding world and to overcome the feeling of incompleteness. Human mind fails to fight against the lust for power and to make the desire for power rational. In her research Rakhmanovskaya has used methods and principles of philosophical anthropology, social philosophy and psychoanalytical approach. The novelty of the present research is caused by the fact that the author views the phenomenon of the lust for power as a drainless passion and universal need of human which is at the same time supported and encourged by the society. It is noted that the will to power is in many ways caused by the inability to establish good emotional contacts with others and the failure to develop personal traits for the benefit of the illusion of superiority. At the end of the article the author concludes that the power mania does not only deprive of freedom and establishes dictatorship but also conquers the one who has the love for power, impoverishes his personality and his feelings.   

Keywords: psychopathology of power, compensating mechanisms, intellectual dictatorship, submission, man's passions, human nature, emotional poverty, despotism, power, will to power

DOI: 10.7256/2454-0722.2016.5.68093

Abstract: The subject of the research is the phenomenon of the will to power as a peculiar passionate beginning of human nature. The appearance of power is caused by the social need because society cannot do without a governor, however, the phenomenon of leadership cannot be reduced to the will to power. It is rooted in the depths of human soul and appears as some kind of response to the existential need to be united wih the surrounding world and to overcome the feeling of incompleteness. Human mind fails to fight against the lust for power and to make the desire for power rational. In her research Rakhmanovskaya has used methods and principles of philosophical anthropology, social philosophy and psychoanalytical approach. The novelty of the present research is caused by the fact that the author views the phenomenon of the lust for power as a drainless passion and universal need of human which is at the same time supported and encourged by the society. It is noted that the will to power is in many ways caused by the inability to establish good emotional contacts with others and the failure to develop personal traits for the benefit of the illusion of superiority. At the end of the article the author concludes that the power mania does not only deprive of freedom and establishes dictatorship but also conquers the one who has the love for power, impoverishes his personality and his feelings.   

Keywords: psychopathology of power, compensating mechanisms, intellectual dictatorship, submission, human nature, emotional poverty, despotism, power, will to power

DOI: 10.7256/2454-0722.2015.7.15442

Abstract: The subject of the research is the phenomenon of extremism. The need-functional model of the psychosemantics of extremism is based on the procedural and instrumental model of extremism. The structure of the procedural and instrumental model of extremism is being described with the help of such categories as 'assessment', 'force', 'activity', 'tolerance', 'trueness', 'identity', 'aggression' and 'rate' of social transformations. The theoretical model of extremism psychosemantics consists of the following categories: assessment of social justice (central category), the rate of social transformations, social activity, social force and social energy as well as the degree of influence of social forces. The method of theoretical triangulation combines opportunities of several scientific approaches and allows to explain and interpret complex facts, phenomena and processes. In fact, triangulation means determination of the location of the third point when the other two points are known. The authors of the article have used this method to create the need-functional model of extremism psychosemantics. Thus, the results of the theoretical triangulation allow to substantiate the following initial theoretical provisions which combination describes the essence of the need-functional model of extremism psychosemantics offered by the authors.  The social and psychological peculiarities of the phenomenon of extremism are consistuted by the verbal or active representations of justice demonstrated during social interaction between actors (individuals, groups, communities or states). These include justice viewed as a) the distribution of social goods, values, social roles and statuses and b) priority of a particular religion, life style, behavior or relationship. According to the authors, extremism is based on the eternal need of human and society in justice. Consequently, the function of extremism is to try to satisfy these needs by using subjective standards of social justice. Taking into account the psychosemantic nature of the phenomenon fo extremism, we should fight against extremism by developing socially acceptable representations of justice and ways of achieving it.   

Keywords: social force, category, need-functional model, procedural and instrumental model of extremism, psychosemantics, extremism, justice, the rate of social transformations, theoretical triangulation, social activity

DOI: 10.7256/2454-0722.2015.7.66852

Abstract: The subject of the research is the phenomenon of extremism. The need-functional model of the psychosemantics of extremism is based on the procedural and instrumental model of extremism. The structure of the procedural and instrumental model of extremism is being described with the help of such categories as 'assessment', 'force', 'activity', 'tolerance', 'trueness', 'identity', 'aggression' and 'rate' of social transformations. The theoretical model of extremism psychosemantics consists of the following categories: assessment of social justice (central category), the rate of social transformations, social activity, social force and social energy as well as the degree of influence of social forces. The method of theoretical triangulation combines opportunities of several scientific approaches and allows to explain and interpret complex facts, phenomena and processes. In fact, triangulation means determination of the location of the third point when the other two points are known. The authors of the article have used this method to create the need-functional model of extremism psychosemantics. Thus, the results of the theoretical triangulation allow to substantiate the following initial theoretical provisions which combination describes the essence of the need-functional model of extremism psychosemantics offered by the authors.  The social and psychological peculiarities of the phenomenon of extremism are consistuted by the verbal or active representations of justice demonstrated during social interaction between actors (individuals, groups, communities or states). These include justice viewed as a) the distribution of social goods, values, social roles and statuses and b) priority of a particular religion, life style, behavior or relationship. According to the authors, extremism is based on the eternal need of human and society in justice. Consequently, the function of extremism is to try to satisfy these needs by using subjective standards of social justice. Taking into account the psychosemantic nature of the phenomenon fo extremism, we should fight against extremism by developing socially acceptable representations of justice and ways of achieving it.   

Keywords: social force, category, need-functional model, procedural and instrumental model of extremism, psychosemantics, extremism, justice, the rate of social transformations, theoretical triangulation, social activity

DOI: 10.7256/2454-0722.2015.9.16266

Abstract: The object of the research is the political sphere of the society and politically motivated behavior of the actors of polilitical activity. The subject of the research is the problem of conflict resolution in the political sphere associated with the contradictory value content of socio-political actions. The conflicts of this kind are a natural condition for the functioning of the political sphere and they are directly dependant on different social-political interests and political decision-making purposes. The subject of the research, as it is known, always contains some degree of idealization associated with the identification of the parts of an object under research. This is achieved by the authors of the article through considering well-known ethical concepts and analysis of these concepts from the point of view of absolutist and utalitarian approaches. At the level of decisions concerning particular political actions, the subject under review is a specific model of the decision making process based on the methods suggested in Western literature. The methodology is based on the application of the systems method of social researches, comparative analysis, history of ethics and analysis of contemporary ethical concepts as well as step-by-step and value-analytical concepts of the political decision making process under particular circumstances. The novelty of this research is based on the consideration of the political decision making process in relation to global processes in the development of society and peculiarities of the modern political system. The authors of the article demonstrate that political interests are not always associated with the protection of the interests for the majority of society members, but often represent the interests of particular groups. For this reason, participatory democracy is not only a mean of limiting such manipulations, but is also a remedy to make a certain ethical influence on politics based on the principles of openness and discourse. This is one of the ways to discover the value content of political decisions as well as to resolve value conflicts in this sphere. The authors of the article also offer a number of models for resolution of value conflicts through analysis of their actual value content. These models are to be considered and analyzed further. The authors also show that it is possible to range priorities in applying either absolutist or utilitarian approaches to the political decision making process. 

Keywords: values, conflict, interests, political ethics, global studies, models, decisions, absolutism, utilitarianism, priorities

DOI: 10.7256/2454-0722.2015.9.67106

Abstract: The object of the research is the political sphere of the society and politically motivated behavior of the actors of polilitical activity. The subject of the research is the problem of conflict resolution in the political sphere associated with the contradictory value content of socio-political actions. The conflicts of this kind are a natural condition for the functioning of the political sphere and they are directly dependant on different social-political interests and political decision-making purposes. The subject of the research, as it is known, always contains some degree of idealization associated with the identification of the parts of an object under research. This is achieved by the authors of the article through considering well-known ethical concepts and analysis of these concepts from the point of view of absolutist and utalitarian approaches. At the level of decisions concerning particular political actions, the subject under review is a specific model of the decision making process based on the methods suggested in Western literature. The methodology is based on the application of the systems method of social researches, comparative analysis, history of ethics and analysis of contemporary ethical concepts as well as step-by-step and value-analytical concepts of the political decision making process under particular circumstances. The novelty of this research is based on the consideration of the political decision making process in relation to global processes in the development of society and peculiarities of the modern political system. The authors of the article demonstrate that political interests are not always associated with the protection of the interests for the majority of society members, but often represent the interests of particular groups. For this reason, participatory democracy is not only a mean of limiting such manipulations, but is also a remedy to make a certain ethical influence on politics based on the principles of openness and discourse. This is one of the ways to discover the value content of political decisions as well as to resolve value conflicts in this sphere. The authors of the article also offer a number of models for resolution of value conflicts through analysis of their actual value content. These models are to be considered and analyzed further. The authors also show that it is possible to range priorities in applying either absolutist or utilitarian approaches to the political decision making process. 

Keywords: priorities, conflict, interests, political ethics, global studies, models, decisions, absolutism, values, utilitarianism

DOI: 10.7256/2454-0722.2014.9.7281

Abstract:

DOI: 10.7256/2454-0722.2014.9.65502

Abstract: By the early 50th of the 20th century Western European intellectuals adopted a whole tradition that closely related the role of political intellectuals to the cultural protection – a tradition that was very typical for the Russian intelligentsia. One of such intellectuals that clearly expressed those cultural and political ideas and emphasized the cultural protection to be the main political role of intellectuals was an Italian researcher in the spheres of philosophy of politics and philosophy of law Norberto Bobbio. His ideas on the relation between culture and politics and the role of ‘men of culture’ as he called intellectuals on politics were presented in his book ‘Politics and Culture’ published in 1955. The present article is devoted to the concept of autonomy of intellectuals and their particular political role developed and proved by Norberto Bobbio. Methodological basis of research includes the historical politological approach, methods of textual research and historical analytical method allowing to view Norberto Bobbio’s concept in terms of Western European political environment and scientific inquiries of the 20th century. Based on the concept of intellectuals as ‘men of culture’, Norbert Bobbio expressed his opinion on culture as an intellectual focusing on the principle of defending the autonomy of culture as the principle of political activity of intellectuals. To describe the role of intellectuals, Norbert Bobbio offered a term ‘politics of culture’ (which Norbert Bobbio opposed to the term ‘cultural policy’) when did not allow politics to interfere with culture. According to Norbet Bobbio, the main principles of intellectuals’ activity in politics should include the principle of intellectual autonomy, the motto ‘independence but not indifference’ and the dialogue principle.

Keywords: party spirit, liberalism, socialism, communism, autonomy of culture, politics and culture, intellectual, Marxism, duty of intellectuals, political bias.