Psychology and Psychotechnics - rubric Psychotechnique

Abstract: This article is dedicated to determination of the psychological signs of extremism in the information posted by users in social networks. The object of this research is the semantic content of a social network profile. The subject of this research is the evidence of proclivity for extremism. The relevance of this research is substantiated by the need to detect materials and people who incite social, ethnic, national, political, racial and religious hostility, as well as promote extremist views on the Internet. The goal is to determine the signs of propensity for extremism based on the social network profile. The article employs expert analysis for revealing semantic content of profiles in the social network VKontakte; content analysis for studying the materials of profiles in the social network Vkontakte; methods of statistical analysis, such as factor analysis of the selected signs of extremist personality and cluster analysis of profiles. The acquired results allow formulating the criteria for identification of individuals with extremist orientation via analyzing user profiles in the social networks, as well as determining the extremist-oriented content on the Internet, and promptly responding the law enforcement agencies to the threat of antisocial behavior on the Internet platforms. The developed set of the signs of extremism allows carrying out preventive work among youth, indicating the main manifestations of “hazardous” Internet content for parents and pedagogues, as well as teenagers themselves.

Keywords: frustration of basic needs, psychological profile of an extremist, propensity to extremism, social network accounts, psychological signs of extremism, informational extremism, extremism, deviant behavior, destructive self-realization, school shooters

DOI: 10.7256/2454-0722.2023.1.39631

Abstract: In recent years, the number of students with learning difficulties has increased. Often, children with a high level of intellectual development cannot cope with the primary school program. The success of studying at school is largely determined by the level of development of the executive function. There is evidence that the results of sensorimotor tests coincide with the results of the evaluation of executive function. The purpose of the study: to find a connection between the results of sensorimotor tests and the academic performance of elementary school students. The study involved 108 children aged 9-11 years. Annual marks in all subjects for grades 2 and 3 were taken into account. The diagnostic unit consisted of 7 hardware and software tests that evaluated various parameters of simple and complex sensorimotor reactions. Results. Factorial and regression analysis of the data were carried out, statistically significant relationships between academic performance and indicators of complex sensorimotor tests were revealed. The tests included three main elements of executive function: inhibitory control, working memory and cognitive flexibility. The results of certain sensorimotor tests predict academic performance in grades 2 and 3. Apparently, this is due to the fact that the tests simulate the learning process in real conditions when it is necessary to show cognitive flexibility. The relationship of academic performance with simple sensorimotor reactions has not been revealed. Conclusion. The use of certain sensorimotor tests for older preschoolers and first grade students will allow identifying children at risk of learning difficulties before these difficulties arise and have a negative impact on the development of the child's personality. The use of software and hardware complexes for conducting sensorimotor tests makes it possible to examine large groups of children in a short time, which is convenient in educational institutions. The results of testing of younger schoolchildren will help to develop an optimal educational route for each child, taking into account the peculiarities of the functioning of the nervous system.

Keywords: visual-motor reactions, reaction time, sensorimotor tests, cognitive flexibility, academic performance, inhibitory control, children, executive functions, auditory-motor reactions, learning difficulties

DOI: 10.7256/2454-0722.2013.5.7977

DOI: 10.7256/2454-0722.2013.7.8069

DOI: 10.7256/2454-0722.2023.3.40938

Abstract: The article analyzes the diaries in the form of a letter to a mentor, presents the results of a survey of the authors of the diaries, reflecting their subjective assessment of the influence of the diary on their mental state. The spread of such diary forms as a diary in the form of a letter to a mentor reflects a communicative turn in science, psychology, art, mass consciousness, when the focus shifts from I to You. The postmodern aesthetics of modern diary forms is revealed. It is shown that writing letters to mentors is not a classical ritual Sufi psychotechnics. At the same time, Sufism is a communicative model and all Sufi rituals are rituals of communication. Therefore, writing letters is a written expression of such classical Sufi techniques as istighasa, istiana (asking for help), tawassul (search for means of approaching God), rabita (imagining meeting and being near a mentor). Sufi returns to the ultimate truth about himself: about his boundaries, about his vulnerability and weakness, about the need for You, about the impossibility of living without a dialogue with You. Through embedding himself in a hierarchical relationship with a mentor, the Sufi comes to the ultimate dependence on God. Dependence on God is not chemical or behavioral, it is getting rid of psychic defenses and illusions about the strength of one’s control, influence and power and stating one’s slavish position with God, when the only thing that controls the heart of a Sufi is choice-to-you.

Keywords: coregulation, psycholinguistics, sufi communication studies, sufism, James Pennebaker, diary, Ira Progoff, communicative rationality, self-therapy, narrative psychology

DOI: 10.7256/2454-0722.2019.2.29528

Abstract: This article discusses a new and promising directions in modern psychotherapy – the animal-assisted therapy. The authors note wide prevalence of application of animal-assisted therapy in the Russian literature; however, all of such work mostly contain brief conclusions and results of implementation of separate approach within the framework of animal-assisted therapy, without critical understanding and determination of advantages and restrictions, rather than a list of the areas of application of animal-assisted therapy and specific methodological approaches aimed at solution of particular tasks. This necessitates conducting methodological and methodical analysis of animal-assisted therapy. The authors set a goal to explore some of the main trends and areas of the use of animal-assisted therapy, highlighting specific methods and techniques of correction and development of the particular mental processes and personality structures. The research methods include the theoretical analysis, generalization and systematization of views and results of the experiments on animal-assisted therapy and the impact of animals on human health, carried out by the Russian and foreign scholars. Within the framework of this study, the authors determine the current main tends of animal-assisted therapy: development and correction of speech (structuring verbal sequence, comparison, reading and literacy), communication skills (shared attention, social pragmatic skills), occupational therapy and life skills, mental health and emotional wellbeing. The authors underlines the importance for continuation of theoretical and methodological analysis of capabilities and limitations of the animal-assisted therapy.

Keywords: Animal-Assisted Therapy Methods, occupational therapy, application areas, therapeutic goals, pet-therapy, Animal-Assisted Activities, Animal-Assisted Therapy, Animal, speech development problems, cognitive-behavioral therapy

Abstract: The author appeals to the topic of Internet addiction and views it from the psychological point of view. It is noted that the virtual world which seems to be more comfortable than the real life, creates the threat for a successful life in reality. The author is led to believe that Internet addiction can be classified as a human disorder.

Keywords: psychology, Internet, reality, virtual, human, character, feelings, thoughts, need, disorder

DOI: 10.7256/2454-0722.2018.2.25675

Abstract: The aim of this research is to study the effect of Sandplay on the anxiety and psychological stress level of university students with attention deficit disorder and hyperactivity features. The subject of the research is the efficiency of Sandplay in working with adults with ADD features. The research involved ten university students with evident ADD features, high anxiety and psychological stress level who participated in Sandplay for ten weeks. The research implied one-group diagnostics before and after the therapy. The main research methods include theoretical analysis of research literature and correlation study. The obtained data were analyzed using the Wilcoxon rank test. The results of the research demonstrate significant differences in what concerns the reduction of anxiety and psychological stress experienced by students. The research results allow to make a statement that the Sandplay therapy may have a beneficial effect on anxiety and psychological tension felt by students with attention deficit disorder and hyperactivity features.

Keywords: education, student, anxiety, psychological stress, sand therapy, emotional state, sandplay, the attention deficit disorder, psychotherapy, psychology practical

Abstract: The overall objective of the study: experimental test of the learning ability and self-knowledge in the unity of waking and altered states of consciousness. Partial purposes: a) to perform the subjective self-diagnosis of the left and right hemispheres on the basis of functional brain asymmetry; b) to establish psychological characteristics of personalities of the right and left hemispheres in different ages; c) to determine the characteristics of the psychological relationship between the individual and the Higher Self, d) to identify features of perception, emotions and thinking associated with the process of self-diagnosis in an altered state consciousness. To achieve the objectives of the study the author used the integrated technology of teaching and self-knowledge in the waking and altered states of consciousness, that allows to self-test and learn about the peculiarities of one’s mental development. The presence of functional brain asymmetry leads to the formation and development of two personalities as a whole. The harmonious development of an individual is provided in integration of psycho-physiological functions of the right and left hemispheres. The article brings into scientific use the term “a person of the left hemisphere” and “a person of the right hemisphere.”

Keywords: psychology, integral technology, self-knowledge, waking consciousness, an altered state of consciousness, meditation, integrated personality, the personality of the left hemisphere, the personality of the right hemisphere, Higher Self.

Abstract: The article analyzes the holistic approach to psychology and psychotherapy introduced by A. Adler. The author shows the difference between Adler’s conception and a similar concept of gestalt psychology. The results of this study can be used in psychotherapy, psycho diagnostics, developmental psychology and other branches of humanities.

Keywords: inferiority complex, compensation, purpose, individual psychology, wholeness, hermeneutics.

Abstract: The article describes psychotechnical approach to psychology. The author shows possibility of psychotechnical researches of psychologies, psychological practices, psychological theories, psychotechnics and psychotechnical reality in cultures. The author describes main concepts of psychotechnical analysis, definition of psychotechnical culture and formation of new psychotechnical cultures that are being developed as counter cultures and unfolded in communicative space in forms of variants of internal dialogues. The author also proves the possibility of creating psychotechnical psychology.

Keywords: psychology, psychotechnics, analysis, culture, counter culture, practice, theory, psyche, methodology, history.

Abstract: The article is meant to show the importance of psychotechnical approach for developing practical and consulting psychologies as a scientific and research branch of psychology in country. The author provides an insight into the history of formation of this approach, its development trends and critical re-evaluation in order to answer the questions why this approach did not take a rightful place in psychological training and what is needed to be done to change it. The author views the main ideas proposed by Munsterberg, Vygotsky, Vasiluk and Puzyr within the framework of this approach. Based on Karl Roger’s client-centered therapy, the author shows some opportunities of applying this approach to understanding what is going on during a psychological session. Lev Vygotsky’s culturalhistorical school is shown as psychotechnical originally but which provisions can be used for scientific explanation of psychological influence. The author also views the relations between Russian scientific-psychological tradition and drastically growing psychological practice.

Keywords: psychology, psychotechnics, Nusterberg, Vygotsky, psychotechnical, Vasiluk, clien-centered, consulting, schisis, academization.

Abstract: The article is devoted to the problem of formation of grammar of speech of the junior school students. The author of the article describes the research method of studying the grammar of speech of the junior school children and provides experimental data received in the course of diagnostics of structural and morphological agrammatism.

Keywords: psychology, grammar, speech, structure, student, academic progress, diagnostics, morphology, agrammatism.

Abstract: The article is devoted to the problem of psychological diagnostics of learning ability and professional orientation. The author established the procedure of evaluating the volume, pace and orientation of learning capacities through studying personal peculiarities and social meaning of sample terms. The author also gave theoretic grounds for using psychological and semantic analysis of activity. Special attention is drawn at relations between conceptual and emotional aspects of cognition

Keywords: psychology, semantic analysis, operational and motivational elements of psychic activity, relations between formal and individual logics, word and term, sphere of definitions and meanings, learning ability, personal orientation, operational, emotional and

Abstract: The article is devoted to a new technology in the sphere of psychoacoustics — recording, playing and perception of holophonic sound. Original effects of holophonic technology allows not only to expand the theory and technology of audio recording, sound playing and perception, but also offers theoretical and practical applications in many spheres of social life from changes in interpretation of the psychophysiology of hearing to possible discoveries in the sphere of psychiatry, psychology and psychotherapy, mass media, art and etc.

Keywords: psychology, holophonic sound, holography and holographic recognition of images, musical acoustics, psychoacoustics, binaural effect.

Abstract: The author of the article views the psychological and spiritual reasons of fear and phobias. The author describes the method of achieving the altered state of consciousness during which one can carry out psychodiagnostics, psychocorrection and psychotherapy of negative emotions on his own. The main characteristics of the altered state of consciousness include: the depth of the state, energy consumption and carrying capacity that is the quantity of energy an individual can accept and give away. The author believes that when reaching the altered state of consciousness, the individual also achieves a new level of consciousness that stimulates self-knowledge, psychological correction and psychotherapy. In such a state a person can receive information about his physiological and psychic processes from himself. The purposes of the given study include: a) describe the process of perception and experience of fear during the altered state of consciousness; b) study possibilities of such states for psychological diagnostics, psychocorrection and psychotherapy of personal fears. The tasks include: a) study the variety of combined methods of setting, concentration, suggestion, autosuggestion and hypothesis for the purpose of achieving the altered state of consciousness; b) learn to control negative emotions in the altered states of consciousness and apply this experience to real life. The topic of the research is the emotion states, in particular, fear and its datives. The author also develops an integrative method of teaching and self-knowledge. Conclusions: the given method allows to study our psychic processes, states and dynamics of our personal qualities on our own. Such a method has a therapeutic effect and harmonizes one’s psychosomatic state, develops and fixes a whole range of positive personal qualities: patience, calm and responsibility for one’s words and actions.

Keywords: psychology, psyche, altered state of consciousness, self-consciousness, psychodiagnostics, psychocorrection, psychotherapy, phobias, personality, fear.

Abstract: The article analyzes the difference between the two kinds of creation a text: handwriting and with the help of a computer keyboard. The author discusses existential losses connected with the transfer from handwriting to electronic writing. The article shows psychotherapeutic value of handwriting and recommends to use calligraphy in psychotherapy. The article also contains examples of calligraphy therapy techniques as a part of art-therapy.

Keywords: psychology, writing, keyboard, expressivity, personality, esthetics, calligraphy, psychotherapy, art-therapy, calligraphy therapy.

Abstract: The article underlines the importance of a competence approach to studying psychological grounds of teaching. The author of the article describes the structural content of psychological competence of a teacher from the point of view of theory and proves the need in practical researches of a reflective content of such type of competence using expert evaluations and tests. The author provides the main results of such study which allows to conclude whether this or that level of development of reflection correlates to various levels of subjective control and general tension of psychological defense.

Keywords: psychology, competence, structure, components, reflection, reflective, featue, external, internal, tension.

Abstract: The article considers the most topical questions of formation of a quality management system in rural schools and other education institutions. Based on the author, it would rise the learning activity of students as exemplified by the innovative Model

Keywords: psychology, teaching, system, model, control, quality, formation, rural school, innovation, learning activity

DOI: 10.7256/2454-0722.2016.1.17517

Abstract: The article discusses the theoretical construct of individual counseling from the perspective of the subject-regulatory methodology . The researcher views different aspects of counseling as a form of professional activity. Written in terms of the theory of self-regulation of any conscious activity the researcher differentiates the consultative process depending on the objectives, activities, results of the professional activity of the consultant and the client subject activity. Individual counseling is defined as an activity aimed at subjective activity of the client to optimize its potential. The researcher justifies the possibility of the subject-regulatory approach to explain the basic procedural and productive phenomena counseling. According to the researcher, the client is the subject of his own activity, the subject of self-realization, the subject of the changes occurring under the influence of the problem, and the subject of regulatory experience. The psychological problem is presented as a result of violations of individual style conscious self-regulation, for example, achievement of entity objectives in the difficult conditions of life. Its genesis is due to the prolonged complex process of establishing causal relationships in the subjective evaluation of the events and facts. The main mechanisms to provide advice is called re-structuring.

Keywords: regulatory experience, self-regulation, psychological problem, client, subject-regulatory approach, individual counceling, subject's activity, counceling process, dialogue, re-structuring

DOI: 10.7256/2454-0722.2016.1.67646

Keywords: regulatory experience, self-regulation, psychological problem, client, subject-regulatory approach, individual counceling, counceling process, dialogue, re-structuring

Abstract: This article contains information about a new method of psychotherapy, - psychotherapeutic edit. Psychotherapeutic edit is based on V. E. Meyerhold’s theatrical system and G. I. Gurdzhiev’s spiritual system. This method can be used in rehabilitation psychiatry such as therapy of neuroses, alcohol and drug addiction.

Keywords: psychiatry, psychotherapy, trans drama therapy, psychotherapeutic edit, theatre system, spiritual system, rehabilitation psychotherapy, neuroses, alcohol addiction, drug addiction

Abstract: The article studies the problem of psychological rehabilitation as a cultural and historical problem covering wide aspects of a modern human. In this connection, the author studies the definition of psychological rehabilitation and organization of psychological rehabilitation in a modern medicine, in particular, in addictology. The author studies various approaches to organization of rehabilitation and analyzes their psychotechnics. The article studies possible levels of organization of rehabilitation process in addictology, their methods and rehabilitation potentials, and proves a special role of existential level of organization of psychological rehabilitation. It is concluded that it would be possible to use such a methodology in preparation of rehabilitation programs as well as in other spheres of medicine and social work.

Keywords: psychology, psychotechnics, rehabilitation, psychotherapy, addictology, self-consciousness, reinforcement, rehabilitation potential, reorganization, frustration.

DOI: 10.7256/2454-0722.2014.1.9232

Abstract: Audio drugs or I-Dosers are the name of digital sound files which supposedly have a psychoactive influence. These files are made up of sounds of a certain frequency and have been widely spread all over the Internet lately. Audio drugs influence the psychic state due to the impact of binaural rhythms with the same frequency as the ‘brain waves’. The author of the article makes an attemp to understand the phenomenon of a wide consumpion of audio drugs on the Internet based on psychological and neurophysiological analysis. The author tries to assess the damage caused by audio drugs and at the same time shows how topical this issue is. Even today the phenomenon of I-Dosers have many ‘blank spots’ and unclarified details.

Keywords: psychology, digital drugs, binaural acoustic effect, Hemi-Sync technology, mind machines, psychtechnics.

DOI: 10.7256/2454-0722.2014.1.63940

Abstract: The author of the article presents a new modified version of G. Keseling’s method ‘Overcoming difficulties in writing’ and analyzes peculiarities of the original method, its limits and opportunities and therefore makes the first step towards adjusting this method to the CIS environment. Modification of the method was conditioned by the need for introducing changes into the structure of interpretation (key) for processing of results in accordance with the specifics and socio-cultural environment of the Russian education. The method viewed in the article is quite a new one in psychological and pedagogical diagnostics. It has much potential for researchers and proves to be very useful because it allows to define not only difficulties in writing but also offers good strategies to overcome these difficulties. Particular recommendations and special exercises allow to minimize the obstacles to writing experienced by school students.

Keywords: new version of a method, difficulties in writing, processing of results, higher education, obstacles to writing, wrong addressee, writing production, false start, the problem of generalization, contradictory concepts in writing.

Abstract: The article describes the history of studies of the psychological defence phenomena. It is shown that since the beginning of the 20th century there have been the two lines of studying the defence mechanisms, - one is connected with psychoanalysis and the other one is related to Alfred Adler’s psychology. The latter is also called the holistic approach to understanding and studying psychological defenses. The author of the article traces back the history of formation of the holistic approach and describes the structure and logic of its development.

Keywords: psychology, culture, mechanisms, tendency, style, defence, inferiority, compensation, analysis, holism

Abstract: The paper presents the development of technology-mediated formation of memory on the basis of information computer technology for children preschool age with speech pathology. Revealed the fundamental principles of operation of the program, describes the specific features and structure of specialized computer technology.

Keywords: psychology, hypoplasia, speech, preschooler, memory, differentiation, approach, principles, the specifics of the technology.

Abstract: The article researches the correlation between orientation, tendencies and resilience in the process of personal and professional genesis. The authors studied several groups of people of different work experience, sex and professional specialization (physicians and surgeons). The analysis of data allowed to conclude that there is a significant correlation between personal orientation of a physician and his resilience

Keywords: psychology, personal genesis, personal orientation, self-actualization, risk acceptance, involvement, control, resilience, tendencies

Abstract: The article is devoted to the new tendencies in studying the TV audience in Russia and abroad. The author of the article suggests a classifi cation of the theories of TV behavior and describes the implicit models of the audience behavior. It is also noted that now massovization is gradually transferring to individualization of TV watching.

Keywords: psychology, TV behavior, TV watching, audience, individualization, massovization, infl uence, subject, theories, experiments

DOI: 10.7256/2454-0722.2019.1.29178

Abstract: The authors of the article discuss a new approach to psychotherapy, animal-assisited therapy. They outline challenges and minuses of animal-assisted therapy as these are described by Russian and foreign psychological literature, these including confusion with definitions, unproved efficiency of the method, unclear and unstructured methodological basis. The authors of the article make an attempt to fill in the aforesaid gaps. The aim of this research is to describe the psychotherapeutic method of animal-assisted therapy (definition, objectives, scope and contraindications), demonstrate potentials of the method as well as risks for Russian psychotherapy and to substantiate conductino principles and requirements. The research methods include theoretical analysis, modelling, generalisation and systematization of views and results of Russian and foreign experiments and experience in animal-assisted therapy. The results of the theoretical analysis are the following: the authors define key characteristics, conduction principles and ways to reduce associated risks as well as contraindications for this type of therapy. They also analyze drawbacks and benefits of using different kinds of animals in the course of animal-assisted therapy as well as the main rules for selection of an animal participating in the therapy.

Keywords: requirements to psychotherapist, animal, Standards for Choosing Animal, contraindications for using, therapeutic goals, risk minimization, Animal-Assisted Activities, Animal-Assisted Therapy, psychotherapy, psychotherapeutic approach

DOI: 10.7256/2454-0722.2019.1.29360

Abstract: The article is devoted to the phenomenon of incest as it has been described by the leading psychological schools since the beginning of the XXth century. The object of this research is the development of the research and practical psychology. The scope of the research is how the views and concepts of incest have been developing in European psychology of the XXth - XXIst centuries. Incest is viewed as a consequence of a non-normative undergoing of a child's phallic phase of development by all family members and the kind of relations that may happen in such a case. The researcher also offers her own classification of the leading psychologists' views on the problem of incest throughout the history of psychology. The novelty of the research is caused by the fact that the author reconstructs the development of psychological views on incest and therapy of incest forms of family relations. The researcher describes the main social determinants of the development of incest concepts in the history of psychology and focuses on specific aspects of studying incest both in the theory and practice of psychology based on the example of today's foreign academic literature (monographs and research articles).

Keywords: incest form of families, phallic phase of development, triangle of primary relations, incest, family therapy of techniques, psychoanalysis, practical psychology, history of psychology, human of sexuality, inverse sexuality

DOI: 10.7256/2454-0722.2018.3.26768

Abstract: The authors have analyzed definitions of attraction and existing directions and tools for its research in the field of small groups. A conceptual model of the manifestation of attraction in the group is proposed, this model includes three levels - interpersonal, microgroup and group attraction, each of which contains three components - subject, communicative and activity. On the basis of this model, an interpersonal attraction questionnaire and a group and microgroup attraction questionnaire have been developed. Both questionnaires include three subscales for measuring the corresponding components of the attraction. An expert assessment of the content and obvious validity of the questionnaires was carried out. On a sample of 18 small production groups (N = 200 employees), which are the primary structural divisions in organizations and small in composition of the company, an empirical study was conducted. Separately, for each questionnaire, factor and correlation analysis was carried out, reliability-consistency and empirical distribution of each subscale were evaluated. The necessity of selection in the questionnaires of three subchalkers is substantiated. It is shown that the questionnaires have validity and reliability of the analyzed indicators. The authors of the article made the main conclusions, highlighted the possibility of using the developed tools. The questionnaires can be widely used to solve research and practical problems.

Keywords: components of attraction, group attraction, micro-group attraction, interpersonal attraction, levels of attraction, attraction, questionnaires, subject attraction, communicative attraction, activity-oriented attraction

DOI: 10.7256/2454-0722.2018.3.27049

Abstract: The subject of the research is Internet psychotherapy of psychosis under the conditions of modern computer culture. A review of the English literature on the use of the Internet for psychotherapy has been made. Such aspects of the topic as video sessions and communication with a doctor in text messengers are considered in detail. The reliability of diagnosing via the Internet and various aspects of the doctor’s understanding of the patient’s condition are analyzed. The phenomenon of distance in the communication of healthy and sick people is investigated. The author has also analyzed the “understanding” communication between the patient and the physician, as well as the qualities necessary for the physician so that such communication plays its therapeutic role. Research methods used by the author include review of the literature, phenomenological and psychological analysis of remote psychotherapy, analysis of mental illness and its role in the existence of the subject. The main conclusion of the analysis is that remote psychotherapy is a reasonable and well-proven method of supporting therapy for mental illness. The main contribution of this article is to justify the usefulness of the use of text messengers for conducting supportive psychotherapy after discharge from the hospital. They are an important addition to therapeutic video sessions and face-to-face meetings with the doctor.

Keywords: text messengers, messengers, online psychotherapy, understanding psychiatry, distant psychotherapy, internet, Psychotherapy, video sessions, Skype, computer culture

DOI: 10.7256/2454-0722.2024.1.70080

Abstract: The contradictive results presence and the simplified vision of the research object are considered as an actual problem for psychological studies exploring video games use specificity. According to the author’s viewpoint, the psychological aspect of the activity realized in video games tends to be missed. This is true additionally for the ludic nature of the mentioned activity that imposes specificity on the gameplay and the user’s perception of it. The aim of the article is to describe the possible criteria elaboration algorithm to search a video game allowing effective gameplay observation, and to select subsequently the suitable for these criteria platform. Attention is paid to play activity specificity. This means the necessity to consider the individual peculiarities of gameplay realization as play activity outer side and to take into account the video games structure specifics in the framework of gameplay observation. The description of a possible algorithm of the video game selection criteria elaboration is presented. The criteria are implied to allow the performance of the effective gameplay observation. The article describes the study with expert assessment method use. It was participated by the game design specialists (total final number is 15 respondents). The criteria for a video game selection suitable for the purpose of the research achievement were determined. The computer game «Minecraft» was selected. It is supposed to be used as a platform for observation of the future research participants' gameplay realization. The features of the computer game «Minecraft» will allow the game space flexible configuration to observe the respondents effectively and to correspond the received data with respondents' play activity specifics. The results obtained in the future will be useful for the video game expertise methodics development and for effective psychodiagnostic, psychocorrective and developmental programs elaboration as well as useful for the deviant behaviour prevention.

Keywords: deviant video games use, game designers, video game expert assessment, expert assessment method, video game selection criteria, video game structure, gameplay, play activity, computer games, video games psychological studies

DOI: 10.7256/2454-0722.2022.4.38701

Abstract: The subject of the study is violations of the perception of oral and written speech presented during the instruction of the examinee and the presentation of stimuli of diagnostic techniques during the primary psychodiagnostics of candidates for service in the penal enforcement system and newly arrived convicts, suspects, accused, who lead to a decrease in the reliability of the psychodiagnostic information received about personal qualities and current psychoemotional state. The purpose of the study is to develop recommendations for the diagnosis of the quality of perception of oral and written speech in the framework of primary psychodiagnostics of candidates for service and newly arrived suspects, accused, convicted. Methods of theoretical and comparative analysis, generalization and systematization are used. The article presents the possible causes of the violations under consideration, systematizes the variants of their manifestations, provides recommendations on the organization and methodology of primary psychological diagnostics, which, subject to its further successful testing without the use of additional neuropsychological diagnostic techniques, reveals violations of oral and written speech perception and assesses the possibility of conducting reliable psychological diagnostics of personality traits and psycho-emotional states. The results of the study are intended for use by penitentiary psychologists, but can be used by psychologists-diagnosticians of any areas of practical activity. It is planned to further develop forms of diagnostic forms for conducting primary psychodiagnostics of service candidates and convicts, suspects, accused upon admission to institutions of the penitentiary system, testing and evaluation of their diagnostic capabilities.

Keywords: agnosia, aphasia, speech perception disorders, candidate for service, convicted, primary psychodiagnostics, penal enforcement system, speech perception, reliability of psychological diagnostics, psychological diagnostics

DOI: 10.7256/2454-0722.2016.2.18268

Abstract: The article deals with such issues as development and implementation of technology in the program preparing young people for life in our dynamic, changing, unstable world, keeping yourself as a person, the individual, avoiding many dangers waiting for him, so widely represented in the realm of possibility. According to the author, it is very important not to repeat mistakes that are usually made at the transient stage when society adopts another socioeconomic formation. It was well summarized by the Nobel laureate Alferov who said that 'We were thrown into the water but nobody had taught us to swim'. In his research Pavlov emphasizes the fact that school is not only the place where education is provided, it is also the place where young people are being prepared for life in a dynamic and rapidly developing society. The research is based on the clinical psychotherapeutic method, in particular, comparison of data about deviant behavior of young people with the criterion behavior of others. The author analyzes what intrapsychic mechanisms and qualities block deviant behavior in similar life situations experienced by young people demonstrating normal patterns of behavior. According to the author, these mechanisms and qualities should be highly regarded by teachers and parents. For the first time in the academic literature the researcher pays attention to the factors and qualities that young people with deviant behavior lack rather than analysis of particular patterns of deviant behavior. Instead the author focuses on intrapsychic mechanisms that should be regarded in the process of raising and teaching young people in order to prepare them for life in a dynamic, changing, unstable world. The author also underlines that the main factor of positive tendencies is the self-preservation instinct that has a systematically important nature. Conclusions: 1) School is not only the place where education is provided, most importantly it is the place where young people are prepared for life in our changing, developing and dynamic world. 2) It is important to support the systematically important factor typical for all living creatures including young people - the self-preservation instinct and particular displays of this instinct including the positive Self developed in the process of interaction with the surrounding world. 3) It is important not only to live 'here and now' in order to live a full life as Greeks did, but also to think about the future. 4) While exercising our 'free will', it is important to consider moral, ethical, legal, biological, social, physical, educational and other factors and rules in order to be successful in life. 5) Nobody is absolutely happy in this world. Difficulties and failures are experienced by everyone from time to time and it is important to remember that overcoming difficulties help to develop personal traits such as mental stability and persitence. Ability to overcome difficulties helps us to succeed in the future. 6) Life is a kaleidoscope of very different situations, therefore we should not think of difficult situations as life 'dead ends' or lose the value and menaing of life (whether it is a bad exam grade, love failure, etc.). It is important to remember that in a little while a young man or woman will smile when remembering his or her bad grade, and their failure in a love affair will only teach them that the first love is not always the only one, on the contrary, it may teach young men to be more optimistic, to become more attractive and to ignore difficulties as something ephemeral. Very often young people are even happy that they did not bind their life with their first love. Famous composer Shalyapin was not accepted to the conservatory at his first trial, either. 7) Life is the most important value that we have (Schweizer talked about 'reverence for life') and no matter how difficult it may be, it is an interesting, creative and venturesome process.

Keywords: deviant behavior, psychotrauma, freedom, personality, psychotechnics, human existence, evolutionary approach, self-preservation, instinct, construction of the future

DOI: 10.7256/2454-0722.2023.3.38002

Abstract: Metaphorical associative cards have become a popular tool in art therapy for children and adults, which is the reason and the need for their careful study. The subject of the analysis is the methodological and theoretical foundations of the use of metaphorical associative maps. The purpose of the article is to identify methodological and theoretical grounds for the use of metaphorical associative maps. The research methods used are the analysis of scientific publications and methods of categorical-system methodology (universal scheme of interaction and the method of categorical pendulum). The article substantiates the place of metaphorical associative maps in psychotherapy, searches for theoretical grounds for the implementation of psychotherapeutic procedures related to metaphorical associative maps. Based on the idea expressed by N. V. Dmitrieva, Yu. M. Perevozkina, L. V. Levina and N. V. Buravtsova, an evidence-based analysis of the characteristic features of attributing metaphorical associative maps to the section of expressive psychotherapy, a subclass of creative therapy and a class of art therapy is carried out. The methodological components of its qualitative states (object, subject and goal) in system, process and activity variations are revealed in the theoretical justification of MAC therapy based on the reliance on system and activity approaches. The study of MAC therapy as a dynamic system allowed us to conclude that the result of interaction depends on the creative potential of the client, which indicates possible limitations in the use of metaphorical associative maps. The construction of a system model of MAC therapy allowed us to identify the basic conceptual apparatus of this field of psychotherapy. The obtained results of the theoretical study will be useful in the practice of providing assistance during psychotherapeutic procedures using metaphorical associative maps.

Keywords: creative potential, art therapy, creative therapy, expressive psychotherapy, psychotherapy, the categorical pendulum method, universal interaction scheme, deck, MAC therapy, metaphorical associative maps

DOI: 10.7256/2454-0722.2016.2.67769

Keywords: deviant behavior, psychotrauma, freedom, personality, psychotechnics, human existence, evolutionary approach, self-preservation, instinct, construction of the future

DOI: 10.7256/2454-0722.2023.4.44006

Abstract: Our country is moving towards the inclusion of broad psychological assistance in the list of services provided within the framework of compulsory medical insurance. In this regard, the study of the effectiveness of various modalities of psychotherapy is of particular relevance. The article discusses systemic arrangements – a method of group short-term psychotherapy. Its effectiveness has become the subject of research. Today, this type of psychological assistance is one of the most popular. The study was conducted on the basis of the psychological center "Open Reality" in Moscow. To assess the effectiveness, a continuous survey method was used among clients who used system arrangements to solve their problems. A total of 50 respondents who underwent appropriate therapy from February 25, 2022 to March 3, 2023 were interviewed. The use of a statistically significant sample to study the effectiveness of the system placement method is the novelty of this study. Subsequently, the data obtained were subjected to statistical analysis. The results showed that 50% of respondents (25 people) rate the effectiveness of this method above 6.0 points on a 10-point scale. The data obtained allow us to conclude that the use of the system placement method allows us to obtain positive results from the majority of clients. The conducted research is of practical importance and allows us to recommend the method of systemic arrangements for providing psychological assistance to the population. In the future, it is planned to analyze customer requests in order to find out in which cases the use of arrangements is most effective. In order to expand the understanding of the material used in the study, the article also provides a description of a specific arrangement, followed by a detailed assessment of the effectiveness given by the client.

Keywords: customer evaluation, system constellations, deputies, psychotherapeutic help, case description, evaluation of the results of psychotherapy, constellations, modern methods of psychotherapy, effective method, psychotherapy

DOI: 10.7256/2454-0722.2014.2.10247

DOI: 10.7256/2454-0722.2014.2.64040

Abstract: The author of the article describes the results of using the behavioral technique ‘step by step’ in psychological counseling of parents. The purpose of the research is to prove effectiveness of the aforesaid technique in counseling. Even though the technique was initially created for therapy with families who have a sick child, it meets all the requirements set forth for psychological counseling. The author of the article analyzes how the technique can be used at different stages of counseling. She also defines factors that are necessary for using certain mechanisms of the behavioral technique depending on the parenting style. The research involved parents who were the clients of a psychologist. In the course of the experiment, the author of the research article compared the two groups of respondents. The aforesaid technique of behavioral psychotherapy was applied in the first group of respondents while the second group consisted of parents who were given only recommendations. The results of the research show that parents can actually demonstrate changes in their parenting style and self-conception if they systematically analyze undesired child’s reactions and their own system of requirements. The main psychotherapeutic effects included realization, distancing and restructuring. The aforesaid technique proves to correspond to the main principles of psychological counseling of parents and satisfy their need for help and assistance.

Keywords: age-related psychological counseling, behavioral psychotherapy, parenting style, undesired child’s reaction, activity, involvement, reinforcement, distancing, realization, restructuring.

DOI: 10.7256/2454-0722.2013.3.62516

Abstract: The article describes the most popular refractive projective methods. Projective refraction is well shown in speech peculiarities (voice response to stimulus, frequency, timbre, rhythm of speaking words, pauses, and etc.), automatic movements (respiratory rate and rhythm, mimic (facial expression), pantomimicry, handwriting, change in skin color and etc.) and body build (anthroposcopy, metoposcopy and etc.). Refractive methods are based on organized observation, determination and assessment of dynamic and morphological changes in respondents’ body response including their verbal and non-verbal behavior. The author also studies the dependence of emotional tension on personal traits of respondents using the voice analyzer. Psychographic analysis of handwriting is a projective dynamic refractive method of psychological analysis of a respondent’s writing. Metoposcopy involves empiric findings in studying facial forms and features including both morphological features and mimic (facial) expressions. The author also discusses other refractive methods as an example.

Keywords: psychology, projection, refraction, verbal, non-verbal, anthroposcopy, metoposcopy, psychographology, voice, analyzer.

DOI: 10.7256/2454-0722.2016.4.19461

Abstract: The object of the research is a short fiction/documentary films and use of cinematic language / imagery in psychodiagnostics and psychotherapy. The subject of the research is the algorithm of diagnostics and correction of emotional psychological trauma associated with social stigma due to illnesses, age, experiences of intimate relationships, addiction and suicidal behaviour with the help of short author cinema; the personal imagery of the patient and its transformation by methods of the art implementation of the method of therapy by creative self-expression; visually observed reactions of the patients / viewers to the viewing of films and their use during psychotherapy; the regularities of psycho-physiological reactions (dynamics of microcirculation) with the help of background recording at the viewing.Research methods: creative expression therapy, art therapy, background recording laser Doppler flowmetry during screenings, computer psychodiagnostics.The algorithm of this study: 1) shooting and editing video with the active inclusion of the patient (film about the patient's problem and its resolution); 2) screening for the respondents which have not participated in film editing,3) the analysis of the perception's features at the viewing and content reflection of the audience following the screening 4) recording of LDF-grams in the presentation of the author's videos and analysis of the dynamics of unconscious regulation of the microvascular bed in response to the presentation,5) conduct computer diagnostics of the Respondent-viewers,6) analysis of the efficiency of short author cinema with the aim of psychotherapy and psycho-diagnostics.When designing the visuals features considered necessary are:1) accurate targeted registration of the most probable and possible associative Parallels of the patient - cultural, national, generational, professional, personal (used semiotic ontopsychological approaches); 2) on the other hand, the creation of freedom in interpretative activities. Following techniques have been developed and used during shooting and editing: receiving emotional contrast shots; the contrast of moving and stationary image (on photo that reflects the physiological response – closed eyes (or the symbolism of the end of life's journey as part of the movie) «black screen»); guided light hypnotic state through overloading the same type of information (repeated frames, musical fragments or phrases in the case of participation of actors); the effect of «kōan» (no unidirectional interpretation), etc. Specially developed techniques of the patient's perspective inclusion in the frame were used. One rule developed and used: the Respondent must be given the widest possible background for associations (the image is extremely generalized, lacunar). Along with the representation in the film of the specific situation in terms of deactualization process of traumatic stimuli and correction of the condition, the films have a deep philosophical implication. Lacunar technique of associative film editing is applied - special location shots and stories: adjacent slices and frames may not be thematically appositional (NLP-analogue reception in building stories) with the purpose of creating supportive spaces for individual associative.ConclusionsPossibility of identifying of physiological correspondences of catharsis, hidden motivations, needs and emotional trauma when viewing movies was tested (identification of suicide risk, dependencies, relevance of gender relations, etc.).Reactions during screenings, specifics of the verbal response to the films content after the viewing, the number of reactive changes of the microcirculation during playback allow to judge of the degree of emotional trauma, a predisposition to deviant behaviour or to psychosomatical experiences. Differences in responses while watching films and writing flowmetry associated with cultural level, age, gender, current needs are recorded. Story visual stimulation (movies) in contrast to the fragmented (photos) one, has a more powerful impact on the state of the microvasculature (Kv < 10), in case of retention of the optical waveguide arm of the test – a significant tremor (Kv < 20).The films shot with psychotherapy patients, draw response of the subjects - students that experienced similar emotional trauma or which are prone to the same behavioral pathologies (experienced their aftereffects). Using the proposed methodology one can identify the needs of the socium typically not detected in the mass scale and using other methods and available experience of chemical dependency, pathological gender relations, a predisposition to suicide. The technique can be used in lie detection. Screenings may offer the opportunity to register the activation of neurogenic - the sympathetic, endothelial, and myogenic factors in regulation of the vasculature.

Keywords: deviant behavior, psychological trauma, art therapy, laser Doppler flowmetry, psychotherapy creative expression, psychodiagnostics, short film, memory, unconscious, stressors

DOI: 10.7256/2454-0722.2016.4.68052

Keywords: deviant behavior, psychological trauma, art therapy, laser Doppler flowmetry, psychotherapy creative expression, psychodiagnostics, short film, memory, unconscious, stressors

DOI: 10.7256/2454-0722.2013.4.62644

Abstract: Due to integration processes ongoing in modern psychology, the author proves the need in discussing how fundamental, applied and practical psychologies are related. The author defines the main solutions of the problem and describes the dynamic model of relations between theoretical psychology and social practice through development of applied psychology in Lev Vygotsky’s work. Analysis of later periods of relations between Russian fundamental psychology and psychological practice is based on A. Zhuravlev’s, D. Ushakov’s, A. Liders’ and I. Karitsky’s positions. The author describes an attempt of a better distinguishing between applied and practical branches of psychology by using the role-playing ring offered by Y. Zhukov.

Keywords: psychology, integration, fundamental psychology, research psychology, applied psychology, practical psychology, psychological practice, role-playing ring, history of psychology.

DOI: 10.7256/2454-0722.2013.5.62751

Abstract: The article provides a modal typology of mental diseases based of classical psychoanalytical ideas introduced by Freud, in particular, the ideas he shared when describing Dora’s, Rattenman’s and Wolf Man’s cases. The author of the present article views the triad ‘neurosis – borderline disorder – psychosis’ that is based on the modal operator ‘it is real that’. The author also uses Crow’s hypothesis about schizophrenia being the pay for using the arbitrary language. There are people who are commonly called ‘normal’ at one end of the psychic continuum, while those at the other end are called psychotics. Normal people have less ‘schizophrenic’ features unlike psychotics. A normal person still has the schizophrenic feature because he uses the arbitrary language – the language in which words and denoted items are not alike.

Keywords: psychology, modality, psyche, reality, Freud, psychoanalysis, psychiatry, Bleurer, Crow, psychosis.

DOI: 10.7256/2454-0722.2014.5.12095

DOI: 10.7256/2454-0722.2014.5.65004

Abstract: The subject under review is the anticipation ability of teenager as a condition of preventing conflict situations. In his research article the author views anticipation as an ability to make decisions, to work with a certain temporary and spatial anticipation concerning expected and future events and to develop multiple-variant thinking. Considering the role of predictive abilities in the prevention of interpersonal conflicts among teenagers, the author focuses on personal, situational and temporary anticipation abilities. According to the author, development of teenagers’ ability to predict conflicts leads to the development of constructive and conflict-free communication and therefore is an important factor in formation of personality of a teenager. The researcher used the following psychodiagnostic methods in the course of his research: Thomas’s test on conflict strategies, test of anticipation ability (‘predictive competence’) offered by Vladimir Mendelevich and the developed method of ‘Forecasting of interpersonal conflicts’. As an experimental method the author uses the so-called anticipation training aimed at developing the ability to forecast interpersonal conflicts. Scientific novelty is characterized by the fact that for the first time in psychological science the anticipation ability is studied in terms of teenagers’ conflicts. The novelty of research is also in development of the program of anticipation training during which it has been observed that training of anticipation abilities of teenagers will promote development of their ability to predict interpersonal conflicts and to neutralize them at the formation stage. Modeling conflict situations, group work demonstrated the productivity in formation of multiple-variant thinking of teenagers and was confirmed with statistically valid data.

Keywords: anticipation, anticipation training, forecasting, prevention of conflicts, interpersonal conflict, anticipation ability, forecasting competence, teenager’s conflict, conflict-free communication.

DOI: 10.7256/2454-0722.2013.7.62967

Abstract: The author of the article aims at holistic comprehension of modern psychology from the point of view of history of psychology and history of culture. The author also provides grounds for such methodological approach to psychology and shows possibilities of analyzing psychological data from the point of view of the unity of culture and cultural development. The author offers different levels of cultural-historical (cultural research, social science), methodological and psychotechnical analysis of historical and modern schools of psychology. Based on the system analysis of different schools of psychology, the author shows how it is possible to configure different approaches and build new connections between psychological science and practice. The author also proves the importance of such a methodological approach for building new efficient systems of teaching psychology.

Keywords: psychology, psychotechnics, holistic, psychotechnical analysis, primary psychotechnics, secondary psychotechnics, psychotechnical system, cultural studies, social science, methodology.

DOI: 10.7256/2454-0722.2014.7.12232

DOI: 10.7256/2454-0722.2014.7.65242

Abstract: The author of the article offers a new instrumental procedure for objective measurement of positive emotions experienced by a person in different life situations. It is assumed that when particular emotions are being experienced (‘true emotions’ as the author calls them), there are certain changes in the functional status of the entire body including physiology. It is also shown that in some cases these changes can be accompanied with the appearance of alcohol-like substances in the exhaled air which can be actually registered by the breathalyzer. The article contains the description of the results of the empiric research. According to these results, positive emotions cause this effect in 0.4-0.5% of life situations. These situations include a meeting with a beloved, enjoying food, perceiving artwork, controlling pain and etc. Noteworthy that exhaled alcohol-like substances were not registered in the control group of respondents who were in the functionally neutral status (in particular, students listening to a lecture).

Keywords: emotions, positive emotions, joy, pleasure, scent, functional status, measurement, alcohol-like substances, diagnostics, hard-ware approach.

DOI: 10.7256/2454-0722.2016.11.22178

Abstract: The authors of the article view the problem of deviant behavior of military officers and describe particular steps for creating and testing new method of detection of deviant behavior in Armed Forces. At the first stage of the research 113 military officers of superior positions were questionned about the most important kinds of deviant behavior that have a strongly negative influence on the force performance and activity of military subdivisions in peacetime. As a result, the officers hvae named the following five kinds of deviant behavior: delinquent behavior, addictive behavior, suicidal behavior, aggressive behavior and avoidance behavior. At the following stages of the research the method for detecting deviant behavior was created and tested. 1352 army draftees were tested at the very beginning of their service using a set of psychological tests including The Life Style Index, Deviant Behavior Questionnaire, Buss-Durkey Inventory, Five Factor Personality, Coping Behavior Inventory, Deviant Behavior Inventory (1999). When analyzing the answers to these tests, the authors defined certain questions that may serve as markers of possible deviant behavior of army men. Based on these questions, an original screening method for detecting deviant behavior of military officers has been created. The method consists of 60 items and aims to identify individuals who are prone to deviant behavior: delinquent behavior, addictive behavior, suicidal behavior, aggressive behavior, avoidance behaviour. The main emphasis in the development of techniques has been placed on ease of use. Therefore, it was designed so that the counting results for the researchers was simplified to quickly form a rough idea about the presence or absence of the subject's tendency to deviant behavior. To achieve this objective, questions techniques are arranged so that the researcher could simply count the number of positive responses in each of the columns that correspond to the five basic scales and deception scale. The results indicate good indices of obvious, content, construct validity, self-consistency and retest reliability. The authors also defined the scope of the method and perspectives of further improvements.

Keywords: psychognosis, servicemen, avoidance, aggressive behavior, suicidal behavior, addictive behavior, delinquent behavior, deviant behavior, expertise, design

DOI: 10.7256/2454-0722.2016.11.68639

Keywords: psychognosis, servicemen, avoidance, aggressive behavior, suicidal behavior, addictive behavior, delinquent behavior, deviant behavior, expertise, design

DOI: 10.7256/2454-0722.2016.11.22379

Abstract: The article is devoted to design of the projective technique “Picture of ideal work” intended for a fast detection of an optant’s professional plans. The idea of the method is that an optant is placed in a situation of professional choice, and the ideal work becomes for him or her an uncertain and multivalued stimulus which has to be drawn on paper. The authors offer the methodological basement of this method, point out its structure, describe in detail an optant’s survey procedure which includes preparing the instruction and the means of overcoming the optant’s objections in respect to performing the task, recording the drawing process, and postsurvey interview. The way of carrying out the analysis of the drawing process and the structure of the picture is explained, a sketch of interpreting the obtained data and elaboration of references is suggested in the article. The article includes a picture, that is an example, on which the analysis of a high school student’s professional plans is realized. When carrying out professional counselling, it is reasonable to apply this method along with occupational orientation tests and interviews that will raise accuracy and predictive validity of conclusions. The method includes an instruction and paper sheet for recording overall information about a respondent and his or her answers to psychologist's questions, keys to analyze the drawing process (Annex 1, Part 2) and the image structure (Annex 1, Part 4). The keys were developed based on the provisions of researches devoted to interpretation of drawing elements. The method was tested during organisational psychodiagnostics classes and at high schools of Nizhni Novgorod. The developed method 'Picture of Ideal Work' as an expressive projective technique allows to define presence or absence as well as contents of an optant's professional plans. The method can be useful during professional counselling if it is combined with professionally oriented tests and interviews which will raise its accuracy. Further reseraches of the method may include validation of psychometric indicators and testing the method for different gender, age and professional attribution.

Keywords: expressional projective equipment, situation of the professional choice, assessment of professional plans, occupational role, vocational guidance, analysis of drawing process, analysis of picture structure, picture of ideal work, projective technique, organizational psychodiagnostics

DOI: 10.7256/2454-0722.2016.11.68640

DOI: 10.7256/2454-0722.2014.9.12713

DOI: 10.7256/2454-0722.2014.9.65508

Abstract: The article is devoted to online counseling as a psychological and social practice. The subject under review is the methodological and theoretical grounds of online counseling as a practical activity of psychologists, social workers and other helpers. Despite a growing number of offers on the Internet, theoretical and philosophical-methodological grounds of online counseling are still understudied. The authors of the article discuss the grounds that define peculiarities of this approach to counseling and create special features of the counseling process. The main research methods include the theoretical analysis of Russian and foreign scientific literature as well as the comparative analysis of basic aspects of the theory and methodology of online counseling. The authors describe the main methodological and theoretical grounds of Internet counseling which has been done only scarcely by modern researchers. It has been established that the rapidly developing online counseling is based on the concepts of the Internet, virtual reality and modern post-industrial lifestyle that are related to particular procedures and parameters of online counseling such as computer discourse, virtual psychotherapeutic relations and eclectic and polymodality of psychology.

Keywords: online counseling, methodology, theory, theoretical approaches, Internet, virtual world, computer discourse, counseling, e-therapy, virtual psychotherapeutic relations.

DOI: 10.7256/2454-0722.2013.11.9389

DOI: 10.7256/2454-0722.2013.11.63523

Abstract: The author of the article describes factors influencing the formation of professional identity. These factors include individual psychological features, inner socially important motives, succession of professions within a family, high payment rate and prestige of a profession. The author of the article establishes a hypothesis that there are certain motivates of males and females choosing to be obstetrician-gynaecologist and urologist respectively. The author also lists different conceptions of professional development and defines physiological features of male or female as a factor of formation of diametric gender interests, orientations and preferences. It is concluded no matter what profession a male has, it does not influence his sex behavior. The author analyzes the theory of psychosexual development of personality and elements of the ethological paradigm. The author of the article also describes the role of the collective unconscious and overall male polygamy as factors allowing young male doctors to choose “female” profession. At the end of the article the author provides a full list of circumstances influencing the formation of professional identity of medical students.

Keywords: hereditary instincts, choice of profession, career guidance, psychophysiology of development, professional preferences, polygamy, reflex, behavior, role.

DOI: 10.7256/2454-0722.2013.12.9764

DOI: 10.7256/2454-0722.2013.12.63715

Abstract: The author of the article raises a question about integration of methodological concepts offered by Galperin into the modern world psychology. Such integration is viewed in terms of history of culture and cultural and historical experience. In order to get a full and integrated insight into Galperin’s ideas, the latter are being analyzed from the point of view of social studies, cultural research, methodology and psychotechnics. The author of the article shows that the theory of stage-by-stage formation of mental activity in particular and Soviet psychology of activity in general have deep roots in Soviet culture and therefore represent solely Soviet cultural and historical experience. The author proves that such approach is very important in understanding and analyzing any psychological conception because all psychology is based on a particular cultural and historical matrix of social experience reflected. The author of the article also describes certain directions of developing Galperin’s views on psychology and methodology and stresses out their importance for psychological methodology, experimental psychology and reflexive analysis of psychological phenomena. In particular, the author shows possibilities in integration of Galperin’s ideas with Edmund Husserl’s phenomenological analysis and phenomenological psychology, existential analysis of the orientation phenomenon and etc. The author shows that analysis of the psyche concept as an orientational activity from the point of view of social studies would extend its phenomenological horizons and allow to expand the ontological base and psychotechnical opportunities of this branch of psychology. This also applies to expansion of the scope of applied psychology as well as psychological practice.