Psychology and Psychotechnics - rubric Personal motivation and spirituality

Abstract: Resume: reconstruction of ideas of morality, systems of personal meanings and personal relationships are of great interest to researches in psychology. Studying the moral components of the role “self ideal” (according to Kelly), the author has created the “proper model”, the “image of perfection” and has made it clear how to find out what ideas of morality include and what stereotypes and life position a person has got. It is concluded in the article that reconstruction of ideas of morality in the role “self ideal” include interaction of the following components: cooperation, help, civil position, spirituality and self-confidence. Received data about ideas of morality reflect development of the social way of thinking and values which are expressed in building relationships and rendering help

Keywords: psychology, ideas of morality, social images, implicit conceptions of morality, method of semantic differential, self conception, system of personal meanings, components, self ideal, constructs

Abstract: Abstract: The article contains an unusual approach to applying Carl Jung’s synchronism principle to analyzing science fiction texts. The author analyzed science fictions novels by A. Belyaev, A. Clarke and B. Strugatskih. The author evidently showed that there had been clear coincidences between fictional events and real episodes of the Space Program. These coincidences were interpreted in accordance to Jung’s conception.

Keywords: psychology, synchronism, space, noosphere, science fiction, Consciousness, Forecast, the Unconscious, Carl Jung, Coincidence

Abstract: Life is constantly giving us difficult tasks when we have to choose a certain strategy. Quite often a personality is put on the “marginal” edge of life and has to face the classical choice, - to be or not to be. Noble Hamlet made his own existential choice and moved towards his fate, or the “core”. From the point of view of depth psychology, his path can be viewed as the way from the “marginal” zone (the unconscious) to the center (Ego). So Hamlet was on his way to the center but then he tragically died. This image of the hero and victim may appear in different forms and be performed by different personality types but it will always remain somewhere near or even inside our own personality.

Keywords: psychology, spiritual marginals, destiny, existential choice, psychological reality, signs of fate, “Wise Old Man” archetype, dignity, transformation of soul, Hamlet archetype

Abstract: The author analyzed the process of formation of psychoanalytical anthropology. He also distinguished the three meanings of the term ‘psychoanalysis’ and uncovered the pre-history of psychoanalysis as a psychological tradition.

Keywords: psychology, psychoanalysis, anthropology, Freudism, mind, soul, psychic, psyche, human being

DOI: 10.7256/2454-0722.2020.2.32467

Abstract: The subject of this research is the subjective personal traits as markers of satisfaction with the work of employees of two branches of the department of internal affairs, differing in level of personal freedom in service: district police officers and officers of separate detail of security and convoy of suspected and convicted criminals. The goal of this article is to determine the group of subjective traits that can be viewed as markers of satisfaction with work of employees, and be used during professional selection and preventative work with the personnel of the organization. The research was conducted with 98 officers of two branches of the department of internal affairs: 49 district police officers and 49 officers of separate detail of security and convoy of suspected and convicted criminals. The method of multiple regression analysis allows establishing the most informative subjective markers of overall satisfaction with the work of the personnel of the following posts: for district police officers – motivation of achievement, inner discipline and internality in the area of family relations; for officers of separate detail of security and convoy of suspected and convicted criminal – flexibility in solving tasks, need to form and support camaraderie and stable interpersonal relations, as well as absence of prevalent need for diversity and change. These markers will be in demand during selection of candidates for the service in the branches of the department of internal affairs, as they provide good indication for high likelihood of satisfaction with the work of the officers.

Keywords: professional destruction, staff turnover, responsibility, self-regulation, professional motivation, agentic personality traits, agency, job satisfaction, he bodies of internal Affairs, achievement motivation

Abstract: The article is devoted to a special phenomenon associated with modern culture — loss of transcendental experience. The author believes that axiological vacuum and absence of spirituality is the result of destruction of transcendental world or, as Heidegger says, ‘overgrowth of transcendental path’. The author also traces back the history of this process that is related to the unspelled world, expansion of the scientism consciousness, life pragmatism and secularization of religious experience.

Keywords: psychology, philosophy, transcendental, spirituality, loss of the meaning of life, existential vacuum, values, scientism, religious faith, numen.

DOI: 10.7256/2454-0722.2019.2.26930

Abstract: This article presents the empirical research on the contribution of few types of social activity into the structure and level of psychological wellness of middle-aged and elderly individuals. The employed concept of psychological wellness by Carol Ryff includes the following components: self-acceptance, positive relationships with surrounding people, autonomy, control of the environment, life goals, and personal growth. Professional and recreational (leisure) activity is examined as two main types of social activity. The terms of professional self-concept and professional identity are associated with the positive functionality of an aging person. This work provides the results of theoretical analysis and empirical research using Carol Ryff’s methodology for assessing psychological wellness, along with methodology Carl Rogers and Rosalind Diamond for diagnosing socio-psychological adaptation. The research results demonstrate the significance of engagement into professional activity for high level of psychological wellness. Senior citizens involved into professional activity differ in the high indicators of managing the surrounding environment and sensibility of life. Organized recreational activities alongside higher education do not represent as big of factors related to high level of psychological wellness. A conclusion is made on the possible protective function of professional identity for wellness of senior citizens, and the question is posed on the level of realization by the senior citizens of the sources and conditions for high level of psychological wellness.

Keywords: professional self-conception, old age, advanced age, professional identity, individual adaptability, well-being, professional life, meaningfulness of life, internality, the ability to manage complex environments

Abstract: The article is devoted to the hermeneutical analysis of the written works of St. Nil of Sora. The author examines the major works of the elder and demonstrates their importance in the history of Russian pedagogy. The views of St. Nil differed from the other authoritative representatives of the Russian Orthodox Church, St. Nil believed that the enormous edifying power is hidden in the writings of the Holy Fathers. Educational concept of the elder is an expanded teaching of the Russian life feeling according to the patristic tradition, where the main method of knowledge is a hermeneutic method, that presupposes comprehension of the meaning the works of the Fathers concerning to the realities of the era, pedagogical reality, practice of education and training.

Keywords: teaching, prayer, silence, anthropology, saints, spirituality, morality, education, the Nonpossessors Movement, St. Nil of Sora.

DOI: 10.7256/2454-0722.2013.1.62134

Abstract: There is quite a common opinion that philosophical anthropology is closely connected with culture. It is no use to talk about human outside of culture. This assumption is partly true. However, culture defines a certain way of existence. Many experts in anthropology and culture do not set it as a goal to find out why human is this way, what his existential reality is like and where his determined originality is shown. Limitation of the human issue to description of culture would leave without attention the main side of the issue — what defines the inner culture of human.

Keywords: psychology, philosophical anthropology, spirituality, human, history, spirit, knowledge, objective spirit, culture, freedom.

DOI: 10.7256/2454-0722.2019.3.29083

Abstract: The object of this scientific research is the personality of a sexually violent offender. Special attention is given to the pre-puberty and puberty periods as the most significant in development and formation of a person. An attempt is made to determine the causes and conditions that define the formation of sexually violent motivation, the key element of which, in the authors’ opinion, is the defects of psychosexual development, consisting in formation of destructive sexuality that leads to an anomaly of sexual behavior, including sexual violence. The goal of this work is to determine the source of formation of sexually violent motivation. The foundation of this research was comprised of the criminological and psychological-psychiatric analysis, which included examination and interviews of 132 individuals, who were have been charged with sexual violence offences, but at the time of interviews have not yet been convicted. The conclusion is made that destructive sexuality forms at the stages of primary and interim socialization. These stages correspond to three stages of psychosexual development, each containing factors that can serve as the starting point for formation of destructive sexuality underlying the motivation of sexual violence. Stage of infantile sexuality – deformed relationship with the mother; stage of latent sexuality – physical punishment, low threshold for sexual arousal; heightened sensitivity on the background of excessive curiosity; stage of unstable sexuality – influence of a group, imprinting, puberty crisis, and identity crisis.

Keywords: reasons, factors, prevention, aggression, sexual violence, psychosexual development, destructiveness, sexuality, motivation, disorders

DOI: 10.7256/2454-0722.2017.2.23462

Abstract: The object of this research is personal moral values. The subject of the research is imprinting as a mechanism of moral behavior formation. The authors of the article provide a general description of moral values and analyze the role that imprinting may perform in the process of moral development. They also offer a definitin of the concept 'moral imprinting', define and analyse informative and fixing functions of moral imprinting. According to the authors, moral impriting is a series of imprinted behavioral patterns that transmit the experience of learning values and ideas related to the in-depth grounds of intellectual culture. In their research the authors have used methods of comparative and theoretical analysis as well as analysis of academic literature. The authors base their research article on ethologists' researches as well as researchers who have dealt with the problems of the mind functioning and morals and values. The main conclusions of the research are as follows: 1) Moral imprinting is a series of imprinted (perceived) behavioral patterns that transmit the experience of learning values and ideals related to the in-depth grounds of intellectual culture. 2) Functions of imprinting include information and fixation. Informative function allows to receive information in the form of a sensual image that has a certain mental influence on an individual. Fixing function is a fixation of perceived data in the form of emotionally important images. The scientific novelty of the research is caused by the fact that the authors give a definition of 'moral imprinting', define and describe the main functions of moral imprinting.

Keywords: moral behaviour, moral imprinting, imprinting, moral (character) education, motivation, feeling, emotion, symbolic reality, morals and values, moral values

Abstract: The article is devoted to the main types of fear related to cultural mentality and personal perceptions our own identity. By the means of a phenomenological analysis the author shows that it is possible to avoid certain views on fear as a primary destructive state of human psyche. The author describes the nature of fear of self-actualization, its genesis and influence on acceptance or rejection of particular values.

Keywords: psychology, culture, fear, values, succession, identity, self-actualization, existential, anti-values, deficiency.

Abstract: Based on the materials of Antique, Middle Age, Revival of Learning and New Time the author of the article describes how teaching ideas developed. The author underlines the connection between up-brining and teaching. Special attention is paid at Plato’s conception.

Keywords: psychology, education science, human, personality, up-bringing, humanism, justice, consciousness, subjectivity

Abstract: The article describes theoretical aspect, methodological approaches and experience of the Research Guidance Center of Social and Educational Work in the sphere of civil-patriotic up-bringing and child-youth movement as one of the following seven main directions of leisure and social-educational work with population at place of residence: socio-cultural activity, development of creative-esthetic direction, spiritual and moral up-bringing, preservation of family values, work with physically disabled people, sports and health activities, crime prevention, creation of a unified information network, international and trans-regional cooperation.

Keywords: pedagogy, civil up-bringing, patriotism, socio-cultural space, metropolitan city, child-youth movement, life quality family traditions, culture, stability.

DOI: 10.7256/2454-0722.2014.1.10434

DOI: 10.7256/2454-0722.2014.1.63935

Abstract: The present article is devoted to studying life and creative work of the German-American psychologist, reformer of psychoanalysis and one of the leaders of Neo-Freudianism Karen Horney. The author of the article traces back the atmosphere in Karen Korney’s family that defined her personality as well as her further development as the doctor of medicine, psychoanalyst of Freudian school and the founder of her own concept of neurotic personality development. The author also describes Karen Horney’s views on woman’s psychology, marital problems and nonprofessional psychoanalysis. The author studies Karen Horney’s critical review of Sigmund Freud’s psychoanalytical theory. As a result of her critics, Karen Horney refused from Freud’s genetic approach in favor of the current relations of a patient and his future life experience as the reason of neurosis. The main method used by the author of the article is the thorough study of the main terms and concepts in the five books published by Karen Horney as well as the detailed analysis of her life and activities based on English sources. By analyzing Karen Horney’s main ideas introduced in the five books that were written and published in the USA and made her famous all over the world as well as ostracism by a number of her colleagues for her withdrawing from classical psychoanalysis, the author of the article comes to the conclusion that if the first book by Karen Horney discussed neurosis as a result of disturbed interpersonal relations, then the concept of the idealized Self opened the gates to the intrapsychic life. The author of the article shows that Karen Horney created the theory that built some kind of a bridge between the psychobiological concept of human created by Sigmund Freud and socio-cultural personality concepts developed in the second half of the XX century.

Keywords: Neo-Freudianism, psychoanalysis, female psychology, neurosis, marital problems, non-professional analysis, neurotic development of personality, character neurosis, anxiety, idealized image of Self.

DOI: 10.7256/2454-0722.2020.1.32267

Abstract: This article examines the points of view of modern scholars, pedagogues and theologians upon the problem of the loss of spirituality in the current system of education in Russia. The authors analyze the two extreme opinions. The first one consists in the need for reviving the spiritual component in education. The loss of spirituality in this sphere led to dropping of value orientations, national unity and cultural identity of the modern generation of Russians. The second opinion reflects the views of scholars that in the information society an individual can combine the qualities of intellectual ruler of life and spirituality. In this case, the loss of spirituality is considered a natural human improvement process. As a result of the analysis of both points of view on the role of spirituality within the modern education system, the authors believe that the solution should be found in harmonization of secular and religious education in the conditions of development of information society. This problem could be solved with introduction of theology as a scientific specialty, which would allow preparing theologians of new generation. The next stage in studying this problematic would consist in the examination of experience of implementation of theological education in different Russian universities, namely Kozma Minin Nizhny Novgorod State Pedagogical University, since it features Bachelor’s and Master’s programs of Orthodox theology.

Keywords: theology, pedagogical activity, socialization, spirituality, secular education, spiritual education, theological education, education, information society, value system

DOI: 10.7256/2454-0722.2016.1.17575

Abstract: The object of this research is the motivation of University teachers, which has a huge impact on his professional development and self-actualization of personality. The significance of motivational component in the structure of professional pedagogical activity, its impact on the efficiency of labor is proved through theoretical analysis of the concepts, considering the specific motives of activity. So, K. Zamfir allocates internal and external types of motivation, A. K. Baimetov explores the motives of obligation, commitment and dedication of their subjects, passion for communication, and L. N. Zakharova from numerous professional motives allocates financial incentives, motives related to self-fulfillment, professional motives and the motives of personal self-realization. In accordance with the objectives of the study the author also examines the phenomenon of "emotional burnout", which is a destructive personality changes that not only affect productivity, but also to generate the teacher undesirable quality of changing its professional conduct. The methodological basis involves the theory of A. I. Pines and Aronson, D. V. Demendonca and V. Shaufeli, Maslach K. and S. Jackson. Experimental sample consisted of teachers of natural–science and humanitarian disciplines of the Mari State University and Volga State University of Technology (Yoshkar–Ola). For the most complete consideration of the motivational sphere, emotional burnout syndrome, the whole sample was divided into four groups depending on seniority at the University. To test this assumption we conducted a study with application of methods of diagnostics of motivation of professional activity (K. Zamfir in modification by A. Reina), a modified version of diagnostics of the motivational structure of a personality (V. D. Milman), diagnostics of level of emotional burnout (V. V. Boyko). Subsequently, these methods were subjected to correlation analysis (Spearmen). The novelty of the study lies in the detailed study of the question how the peculiarities of motivation for professional activity can influence the degree of emotional burnout of personality of the teacher, namely tested the hypothesis that intrinsic motivation towards the activity contributes to the development of burnout. On the basis of experimental research it is concluded that the link between external positive motivation and use of motivational trend of professional activity of teachers and burnout exists if the professional work experience of over 10 years.

Keywords: professional deformation, teacher, motivation, personality, depersonalization, intrinsic motives, extrinsic motives, teaching activity, burnout, fatigue

DOI: 10.7256/2454-0722.2023.3.40634

Abstract: The article "Formation of the All-Russian civil identity in the territories liberated during the SVO: risks and prospects" is devoted to the actual problem of socio-psychological integration of residents of the DPR, LPR, Zaporozhye and Kherson regions in the all-Russian space in conjugation of this problem with such factors as post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and social stress disorder (SSR). The authors of the article believe that to solve this and other problems, it is necessary to apply a special theological and psychological approach. This approach is associated with the actualization in psychological reality and with the help of psychological tools of creative attitudes based on traditional values for Russia. This article presents the author's material based on the experience of working in the territories liberated during the SVO and included in Russia (Mariupol), which allows conceptually assessing the risks and prospects for the formation of an all-Russian civil identity in these territories. According to the authors, they should be considered in the context of extrapolation to the entire territory of Russia from the point of view of both eliminating the consequences of social stress disorders and protecting the traditional values of domestic civilization. The unique concept of including citizens of the "new territories" in the general field of Russian identity in the context of overcoming the consequences of PTSD and SSR, as well as extrapolating the experience gained to work on the prevention of extremism throughout the Russian Federation is presented.

Keywords: Integration, Mentality, Symbol, Civilization, Culture, Value, Injury, Identity, Meaning, Adaptation

Abstract: The article is devoted to the research of motivation. The author of the article describes the problems of motivation in modern psychology that are, first of all, related to the analysis of human activation sources and drivers of human activity and behavior. The author also reveals the processes of formation of motives depending on one’s personal traits.

Keywords: psychology, motivation, orientation, activity, needs, purposes, drivers, desires, interests, stimuli.

DOI: 10.7256/2454-0722.2016.1.67641

Keywords: professional deformation, teacher, motivation, personality, depersonalization, intrinsic motives, extrinsic motives, teaching activity, burnout, fatigue

DOI: 10.7256/2454-0722.2018.3.26603

Abstract: The author of this article considers the problem of ethics as a phenomenon divided into external ethics as expressed in various documents and codes and internal ethics that cannot be comprehended by formal means and are based on the internal structure of personality. The author does not consider "ethics" as a set of dogmas and rules recorded in documents. The author also does not consider and does not offer a specific list of "norms". In this article, the author considers "ethics" as a personal-psychological construct expressed in behavior. The subject of the work is an ethical act / act as an intentional act that can be axiologically evaluated as “ethical” or “unethical” (“fitting” into some kind of framework of “ethics”). Thia article is not an empirical but theoretical work. The main methods used by the author are the analysis of literary sources, historical analysis, generalization of literary sources. The author analyzes mainly historical material. Illustrating by examples from the history of psychology and universal history, as well as from practical psychology, the author demonstrates that "external" ethics cannot be the cause and motive for an ethical (or unethical) act. The author concludes that a truly ethical behavior is possible only as a single concrete act that is performed based on the inner need of a person. Only a single act contributes to the formation of "ethical" in the community. The novelty and importance of this work are caused by the fact that the author draws scientists and practitioners to a discussion of the issue of ethics in psychology, and not at the level of ethics as written rules, but at the level of ethics as ethical, i. e. as a personal psychological construct closely interwoven in the behavioral and motivational sphere of the individual.

Keywords: reputational mechanism, single phenomenon, faith, intentional act, will, Fear and Trembling, existentialism, internal need, ethical act, ethical

Abstract: The article is devoted to the motivation sphere as a many-level, many-component hierarchic formation. The author of the article carries out a theoretical analysis of the basic components comprising a personal motivation sphere. Based on her study, the author also analyzes the structure of motivation sphere of modern Russian and Byelorussian youth. It is well shown that the motivation sphere of Byelorussian young men and women have a supporting nature with the domination of motives for social status and prestige, comfort and support of life-sustaining activity. Motivation of young Russian people is quite impulsive, versatile and contradictory.

Keywords: psychology, motivation, need, sphere, Russia, Byelorussia, youth, domination, character, contradictory.

Abstract: The article describes the moral and esthetic teaching as one of the most important forms of up-bringing. The author of the article describes the contents, peculiarities, relations between the subject and the object and other components of such teaching. Special attention is paid at the system of establishing moral and esthetic teaching of preschoolers in the process of their education.

Keywords: pedagogy, morals, esthetics, up-bringing, children, program, reading, teaching, peculiarities, relations.

DOI: 10.7256/2454-0722.2017.4.24954

Abstract: In this article Gvozdeva presents the results of her research of the need in self-development, motives for self-development and associated personality traits of psychology students at different stags of University education. The research involved 100 first- and the fourth-year students of the Psychology Department of the Southern Federal University. Self-development motives included career achievements, commitment to ideal Self, and reliance on others' opinion. Personal grounds included personality traits and the feeling of self-attachment. The research was carried out using survey methods, (questionnaire offered by the author), psychological tests (Cattell's test, Kuzikova's Dispositional Description of Personal Self-Development, Stolin's and Pantileev's Self-Attitude Inventory) and statistical data processing methods (Friedman test, Wilcoxon's test, Spearman's correlation coefficient, binominal distribution, and quartile procedure). The novelty of the research is caused by the fact that the author proves that self-development motivation of psychology students is caused by their need in self-development, particular personality traits and their stage of University education. Gvozdeva has discovered that the first-year psychology students have more distinct idea of their self-development and better need in self-development. The researcher also demonstrates that the intensity of the need in self-development determines intensity of self-development motives and achievement of self-development goals by psychology students depending on what year of University they are in.

Keywords: stage of study, psychology students, self-attachment, personality traits, need in self-development, motives for self-development, self-development, self-improvement, self-affirmation, sphere of life

Abstract: Starting from the end of the 1980th development of computer-mediated communication of Russian scientists with their foreign colleagues has been quite dramatic. In addition to ‘outer’ technical factors there have been ‘inner’ culture-related and other factors preventing them from good communication. These include low computer competence, bad English and differences in norms and rituals of scientific communication in Russia and the West. Spontaneity, publicity and equality of all scientists on one hand were combined with authoritarianism, strict hierarchy, and tendency to avoid personal responsibility and other features on the other hand. These are the contradictions are still preventing us from integration of Russian humanitarians into the world science

Keywords: psychology, computer-mediated communication, computer norms, scenarios of interactions, conflict, shock, depression, actual communication, academic hierarchy, design

Abstract: The article deals with a difficult complex of questions related to modern interpretation of the process of identification. This topic has been drastically transformed in post-modernistic works. Researches write that human loses his identity as a result of influence of numerious images characterizing the inner world of a person. It leads to a stable loss of inner self-assessment of a human. The author of the article also pays attention at the phenomenon of ‘ false identity’.

Keywords: psychology, post-Modernism, subject, human, identity, debiologization, anthropoid, humanoid, technoid.

Abstract: The article reveals how the category of success changed with time and what historical, philosophical and cultural aspects it has had. The author of the article analyzes the connection between objective (external) and subjective (internal) types of success. According to the author, the positive core of success is the unity of a desire to reach a goal and a following satisfaction from chosen ways of achieving what was desired.

Keywords: psychology, cultural studies, success, assumption, successfulness, work, objective and subjective success, internal and external success, desire

DOI: 10.7256/2454-0722.2023.2.40824

Abstract: The article presents the results of a study of particular components of the motivational sphere of juvenile offenders, which influence the formation of criminal behavior. The aim of the work is to identify, using tools designed for psychodiagnostics of general everyday motivation, features of motivational components of juvenile offenders, differences in the motivational sphere of offenders and their law-abiding peers. The study is described using the method of measuring the motivational structure (V. Milman), the methods of "Pyramid of needs" (V. Skvortsov, I. Akindinova), MAS (M. Kubyshkina), "Proverbs" (S. Petrova), "Scale of sensation search" (M. Zuckerman) in relation to offenders and law-abiding teenager and young men aged 14 to 17 years, according to the results of which information was obtained on the structure of the dormitory motivation of juvenile offenders, their needs, motivational attitudes, aspirations to search for sensations and other aspirations. A comparative analysis of the reaction of offenders and law-abiding minors was carried out. The results of the study of the answers to direct questions about their own psychological characteristics allowed us to draw conclusions about the presence in juvenile offenders of the dominance of consumer motivation of primitive forms, the actualization of the need to avoid trouble; a low level of aspirations for self-affirmation and self-esteem; unsatisfied needs in the field of interpersonal communication. Also the systematic declaration of socially approved aspirations by juvenile offenders, which are not confirmed in real behavior, has been revealed, which limits the conditions of the use of non-specialized methods for studying the motivation of illegal behavior. The original study of the motivation of juvenile offenders, who are not placed in prison, is of an applied nature and is designed to ensure that psychological factors are taken into account, when implementing rehabilitation and preventive programs by subjects of juvenile delinquency prevention.

Keywords: the need-motivational sphere of young men, the need-motivational sphere of teenager, diagnosis of criminal motivation, motivation of juvenile offenders, motive of the crime, prevention of juvenile delinquency, juvenile offender, juvenile delinquency, delinquent behavior of minors, psychology of criminal behavior

DOI: 10.7256/2454-0722.2016.2.18791

Abstract: The article is devoted to the philosophical and psychological rethinking of the space-and-time problem from the point of view of its artistic accentuation in Rabelaisian chronotope studied by Mikhail Bakhtin, the relationship between chronotope integrity and event temporality of true life involved into the emotional-value sphere, artistic reflection of continuous and incomplete existence as well as the search for aspects of the aforesaid problem that can be found in the artistic description and categories of existential analysis (Dasein). Special attention is paid to the role of continuous development of human existence in the process of development of the feeling of integral Self and overcoming of mechanistic rationality. The author of the article analyzes peculiarities of the artistic representation of chronotope based on the example of Rabelais' novel and three-level structure of temporality in existential analysis, draws an analogy between representation of chonotope in the artistic perception of an author and the Mitwelt, Unwelt, Eigenwelt worlds of existential analysis, and makes a conclusion about common ways to break the circularity of the confined world of frozen reality. In his research Kirsanov emphasizes the emotional-value grounds of true life and gives a new presentation of the chronotope category and life essence as the continuously renewing and developing existence as well as anxiety as a result of the prevailing casual perception of life Events without taking into account ambivalency and complete experience. The author also makes a conclusion about a peculiar role and value of the moment, event and responsibility and emotional relations and values for living a full life and having a future.

Keywords: space-and-time, chronotope, Mitwelt, Umwelt, Eigenwelt, anxiety, event, Dasein, psychology, emotional-value relations, future, philosophy

DOI: 10.7256/2454-0722.2016.2.67762

Keywords: space-and-time, chronotope, Mitwelt, Umwelt, Eigenwelt, anxiety, event, Dasein, psychology, emotional-value relations, future, philosophy

DOI: 10.7256/2454-0722.2016.3.18999

Abstract: The present research is aimed at studying features of the Subjective Picture of Life Path demonstrated by technical and medical specialists for the purpose of further development of this Picture. According to the author, the Subjective Picture of Life Path plays an important role in the way an individual manages his or her life. The Picture helps us to understand our life better and thus lead it according to our targets, opportunities and values. It is very important to take into account one's profession when we speak of the development of the Subject Picture of Life Path. The author views the SPLP from the point of view of the target-means concept. Technical and medical researchers participated in the study. To study featurs of the SPLP, the authors have used the Causometrics Inventory offered by A. Kronik and the biographical inquiry method. As a result, the authors have found out that the psychological age of technicians is closer to their biological age and they are more motivated to live in the present than medics. Meanwhile, medics are more likely to express opinionated and judgmental attitudes towards probable connections between events and less likely to change their profession throughout life.

Keywords: biographical method, speciality, life project, target-means connections, confidence, proneness to conflict, life plans, life circumstances, causometrics, Subjective Picture of Life Path (SPLP)

DOI: 10.7256/2454-0722.2016.3.67867

DOI: 10.7256/2454-0722.2013.4.62639

Abstract: The article deals with the process of “escape” of the individual to accept the highest, existential values in light of strengthening his mind deficit of value trends. Essence of the phenomenon is revealed through analysis of desecration of fear of self-actualization. The feasibility process of resacralization of Being in conscious of the individual are showed, and the place of this process in the system continuity and translation of existential values are indicated.

Keywords: psychology, fear, self-actualization, conflict, values, desanctification, sacred, awe, resacralization, continuity.

DOI: 10.7256/2454-0722.2016.5.19541

Abstract: There are two tendencies in today's understanding of human. On one hand, the post-modernist version of 'human death' is still popular. Its followers generally doubt the need of the integral study of human as a living creature with a special place in nature. Post-modernists interpret any community as a display of violence and deception. Thus, they also doubt the unity of human as a multidimensional system. The purpose of the previous philosophical school to create an integral anthropological picture becomes irrelevant. Philosophical anthropology is oriented at perceiving reality with all its unique complexity. This tendency is impossible without meanings related to the integral understanding of human. The author of the present article bases his research on the methods of philosophical anthropological reasoning, techniques of historical and philosophical reconstruction and methodology of notional analysis. The author of the article insists on returning to the traditional goals of philosophical anthropology. Discovery of the historicity of human in various cultural environments allows to return to the analysis of sociobiological concepts. According to the author, human is not only the 'charm of the trivial'. Philosophical understanding of human cannot be limited only to the study of his or her self-awareness, typical emotional states and everyday culture.

Keywords: species, perception, historicity, reductionism, integrity, human nature, psychology, empiricism, person, personality

DOI: 10.7256/2454-0722.2016.5.68095

Keywords: species, perception, historicity, reductionism, integrity, human nature, psychology, empiricism, person, personality

DOI: 10.7256/2454-0722.2014.5.11486

DOI: 10.7256/2454-0722.2014.5.64998

Abstract: The author of the article analyzes the relation between suffering and guilt in Nikolay Berdyaev’s philosophical legacy. The Russian philosopher viewed the feeling of guilt from different sides. He show that suffering was an inevitable ‘companion’ of human life. Therefore he studied the theory of suffering from the point of view of the philosophical understanding of human. At the same time, Berdyaev positioned himself as a philosopher. According to Berdyaev, personality is developed in a society. A person can struggle for independence and become free. At the same time, an individual can also remain a slave. The author of the present article also discusses the causes and reasons of suffering and methods of dealing with suffering. These topics have different interpretations in Stoicism, Buddhism and Christianity. The author of the article uses the historical method and carries out a comparative analysis of Berdyaev’s and modern interpretations of suffering. Noteworthy that the modern society denies suffering as a negative feeling. The novelty of the article is in studying the relation between guilt and suffering. The author notes that there is the feeling of guilt and the guilt complex. The suffering is also related to masochism and the author traces back the connection between sadism and masochism. The author also views the psychological paradox when an individual tries to aggravate his suffering in order to suffer less. Further the author talks about the feeling of guilt, disease of human existence, human mind and suffering of the innocent.

Keywords: Buddhism, Stoicism, Christianity, suffering, personality, philosophy, psychology, sadism, masochism, guilt.

DOI: 10.7256/2454-0722.2016.7.20619

Abstract: The article is devoted to studying and justifying the role of self-determination in the process of personality identity formation at youthful age as well as defining the effect of self-determination in the process of identity formation. The object of the research is self-determination as a psychological phenomenon. The subject of the research is self-determination as part of personal identity formation process at youthful age. In their research the authors of the article carry out analysis of the relationshp between self-determination and parameters of personal identity formation (values, sense of the life purpose, capacity to self-regulation, self-actualization). The analysis allowed to describe the role of self-determination in the process of identity formation at youthful age. The diagnostic methods used during the empirical study included the following: Test of life orientations by Dmitry Leontiev,The ability to self-regulation test by Peysakhov, The test of self-determination by E.N. Osin (modification of the self-determination scale by K. Sheldon), Personal Orientation Inventory by E. Shostrom (adapted by L.Y. Gozman and M.V. Croze). Analysis of the relationship between certain parameters of self-determination and identity formation process (using the correlation and regression analysis methods) allowed to specify the role of these parameters in successful identity formation. The authors have revealed the correlation of self-determination with such parameters of self-identity formation process the sense of the life purpose, temporal orientation, capacity to self-regulation and self-actualization.

Keywords: freedom of choice, self-actualization, temoral orientation, capacity to self-regulation, sense of the life purpose, personal identity formation, determination, self-determination, self-development, youthful age

DOI: 10.7256/2454-0722.2016.7.68315

DOI: 10.7256/2454-0722.2014.6.12151

DOI: 10.7256/2454-0722.2014.6.65047

Abstract: In the present article the author highlights the problem of almightiness as an ideal state of mind and absolute freedom. Almightness is viewed from the two points of view: from the point of view of possessing (i.e. exploitation of things) and from the point of view of relations (i.e. unity with the world and God). In both causes almightiness is related to one’s value. Value is the very structure of consciousness that defines the paradigm of relations of human with himself and the other world. This structure can be presented in the form of functioning laws, moral laws, taboo and in the form of relations with the divine. Inthelattercasethe structure itself always remains non-continuous and open leaving the opportunity to create the value together with God, i.e. in the space of almightiness. Withinthegivencontexttheauthordiscusses the theories of Self formation and linguistic researches relating to the period of language formation. Today this is the first attempt in philosophical anthropology to look at human from the point of view of his almightiness. The author base her conclusions on psychological and linguistic research data. In the present article the author presents the platform for a new approach to human studies.

Keywords: significance, almighty, all possibilities, Self, God, reflection, mask, emotion, sign, subject.

DOI: 10.7256/2454-0722.2013.8.8310

DOI: 10.7256/2454-0722.2013.8.63115

Abstract: The article describes components of rationality and their influence on the process of succession of values. Today, when the experience of previous generations is not used in the new information progressive reality and general orientation of humankind at technology and rational thinking, succession of values is becoming an important issue. Influence of rationality on succession of values is shown mostly through understanding of values by mind. It is explained that, despite a common opinion that the reason and rationality are the same things, in the process of knowledge the reason means understanding of the irrational part of the process of succession of values, i.e. the relationship between bearer and successor, their willingness to give and to accept, the same level of values and trust towards authoritative figures. The author also discovers the restricting influence of rational thinking on the process of succession of values by describing the tendency towards fast results and rational agreement on their needs. It is shown that a rationalist’s orientation at immediate result and material needs reduces the need in preservation and transfer of knowledge between generations.

Keywords: psychology, philosophy, succession, values, personality, society, rationality, reason, benefit, irrational.

DOI: 10.7256/2454-0722.2015.8.15480

Abstract: The object of the research is consumerism and the subject of the research is the values of a consumer society. The authorof the article considers the reasons leading to revaluation of cultural standards and ethical attitudes. She also traces back the dependence of the system of values on factors of various degree of influence – political, social-stratification and ideological ones. Special attention is paid to the role of economic and market mechanisms giving other contents and development directions to the existing values. The author shows the impact of postmodernist views on the development of individual and collective values. In view of the special importance of the problem the author emphasizes the need for further researches in this area. The methodological instruments used by the author include historical, dialectic and systems approaches as well as the problem analysis from the point of view of the unity of all elements. The scientific novelty of the research is caused by the fact that the author makes a statement about the dependence of the system of values on conditions of social practice and dominating world views. The analysis of these problems allow to come to following conclusions: 1) ethical attitudes of the age of postmodernism demands an all-round study involving all branches of contemporary knowledge; 2) the analysis of the conditions that lead to the creation of pseudo-value is especially important.

Keywords: brand, value, simulacrum, demonstrative consumption, pragmatism, consumerism, consumer society, postmodernism, simulation, trend

DOI: 10.7256/2454-0722.2015.8.66995

Keywords: brand, value, simulacrum, demonstrative consumption, pragmatism, consumerism, consumer society, postmodernism, simulation, trend

DOI: 10.7256/2454-0722.2016.10.22070

Abstract: The subject of the research is to validate the content of self-determination under the conditions of intense eventivity. In her article Martianova analyzes the concept of a 'subject in a tense situation' in terms of the anthropological approach. The author offers her definition of situation as a structural unit of eventivity that makes someone to be a subject of his or her own activity. The author proves the importance of conscious self-regulation style parameters for the process of adaptation to situational factors including planning, modelling, programming, monitoring and evaluation of results. By conducing the empirical research, the author has proved the idea of constructing an optimal self-regulation zone of situational activity when adjusting to tense events. The author proves the anthropological concept 'eventivity' in terms of the subjective activity approach that form the basis for explaining the nature of a subject's situational response. The author also interprets the term 'self-determination' through analyzing the content of regulatory activity which allows to define self-determination zones with reference to the optimal and non-optimal styles of conscious self-regulation. The author analyzes experimental data of subject's regulatory activity under different tense situations and demonstrates the relationship between parameters of self-regulation styles and adaptability to situations.

Keywords: optimal self-regulation, regulatory style, conscious self-regulation, tense situation, eventivity, self-determination, subject of a situation, adaptation, self-determination zone, subject activity

DOI: 10.7256/2454-0722.2016.10.68614

DOI: 10.7256/2454-0722.2014.8.12578

DOI: 10.7256/2454-0722.2014.8.65386

Abstract: The subject under research of the present article is the regional communications between Self and the Other. ‘Self’ and ‘the Other’ (or ‘existence with the other’) is viewed by the author as the core of the personal reality or personal expression of the cultural interaction. A region means a limited territory of the personal reality of one or several individuals sharing the same spirits, mutual respect or outward resemblance of cultural styles and standards of life. The author shows that Self and the Other create a difficult combination of different regions: external and internal, remote and near ones. He also describes the images of Others that interact with an individual’s Self (Us, Them, Fiend, Foe) and modify the Self. The distance between Self and the Other depends on the level of involvement or non-involvement into each other’s life. Otherness represents a human ability to be different and to remain himself at the same time. The author bases his research on phenomenological methodology aimed at revealing the meanings of human existence and its main methods such as reduction, construction and deconstruction. By using the aforesaid methods, the author step by step creates the inside picture of the trans-regional interaction between Self and the Other. The novelty of the research is in describing the regions of co-existence of Self and the Other from the point of view of their differences and similarities. The author’s approach to describing the main regions of human co-existence is absolutely new. This is also the first research in Russian scientific literature to describe the two forms/models of otherness that particularly describe the details of Self-and-the Other existence: existence with the Other subject self and existence with the Other object self.

Keywords: phenomenology, phenomenological method, reduction, construction, deconstruction, human, co-existence, region, Myself, the Other.

DOI: 10.7256/2454-0722.2013.10.9650

DOI: 10.7256/2454-0722.2013.10.63403

Abstract: The article is devoted to the phenomenon of envy. The author of the article presents different interpretations and definitions of envy, demonstration of envy and the role of envy as emotional experience and personal trait. The author also describes and analyzes current classifications of envy and provides researchers’ views on origin, sources and factors of envy. Based on references to different literary sources, the author states that the phenomenon of envy as a part of human nature is poorly studied compared to such phenomena as jealousy, for instance, although envy as a unconscious dominant or determinant of one’s behavior can create a social danger. The author describes a four-stage system of determinants triggering or blocking envy potentials at the personal level. The article also contains phenomenological analysis of demonstration of indirect or hidden envy provided by projective mechanisms of psychological defense. The author views possible directions or elements of such envy in different variants of personality development and professional or life situations. The author summarizes the phenomenological analysis and offers a classification of psychological defenses masked and realized through unconscious envy. At the end of the article the author describes a step by step model (‘ten steps of envy’) of possible prevention and psychotherapy.

Keywords: envy, projection, research, condition, personal, trait, feature, determinants, prevention, development.

DOI: 10.7256/2454-0722.2016.12.20821

Abstract: The subject of the research is the role of a subjective image of a serviceman in the process of developing professional motivation as well as dependence of motivation on values and attitude of a serviceman towards his professional and psychological means used to develop positive motivation of contract servicemen's professional activity. Analyzing differences in subjective images of servicemen and values demonstrated by respondents in two groups, the author defines that in most cases one's unwillingness to serve relates to the society's disapproval of contract service in general. In addition, military officers who do not want to be contract servicemen usually do not see their military career as a way to self-realise their ambitions. The group of respondents who want to serve, on the contrary, demonstrate a dominating value of moral satisfaction from their career but not good pay. In the course of the research the author has used the following psychological tests: Personality Motivation Structure Inventory (Milman), Terminal Values Questionnaire (Senin), and Semantic Differential Test. To process the data, the author has used the SPSS package (version 13.0). Data received in two empirical groups were processed using the U Mann Witney Criterion. The scientific novelty of the research is caused by the fact that the author develops a concept of military service particularities and defines the reasons of them being unwilling to serve as contract servicemen (in particular, distorted image of a contract serviceman, undeveloped value of military activity and extreme professional activity). These data can be used in military by the management team and military psychologists as well as the matter of other researches.

Keywords: professional orientation, psychological service, psychological means, motivation, values, military activity, subjective image of a serviceman, personal traits of a serviceman, extremality, extreme psychology

DOI: 10.7256/2454-0722.2016.12.68644

DOI: 10.7256/2454-0722.2014.10.13024

DOI: 10.7256/2454-0722.2014.10.65657

Abstract: The article is devoted to the analysis of the masochistic personality in research of Karen Horney. Analyzing Karen Horney’s theory, the author of the present article distinguishes between definitions of masochism in classical psychoanalysis and Neo-Freudianism. Sigmund Freud related the genesis of that psychological structure with the mystery of child’s psychosexual development. However, he did not limit masochism to sexual behavior as Karen Horney believed. Unlike Freud, Horney viewed masochism as a social phenomenon. She believed that masochism had roots in the personality conflict. In the course of their life people demonstrate different patterns of behavior – adjustment to the reality or escape from the reality, strengthening of a personality core or elimination of individuality. Karen Horney believed escapism to be the main feature of masochism. This approach allows to solve the main paradox of the masochistic personality, i.e. combination of suffering and enjoyment. The author of the article has used psychological methods for analyzing stereotypes and mechanisms. The author has also applied research methods of philosophical anthropology. In general, the author is based on methods of Neo-Freudianism and takes into account achievement of social psychology. The novelty of the article is in the author’s attempt to provide a comprehensive description of Karen Horney’s concept of masochism. For the first time in Russian philosophical and psychological literature the author provides a full description of her views. Comparing Freudian and Neo-Freudian interpretations of masochism, the author also pays attention to errors made by Karen Horney when analyzing that phenomenon.

Keywords: psychology, neurosis, masochism, masochistic personality, personality, individuality, sexuality, ambivalence of feelings, suffering, enjoyment.

DOI: 10.7256/2454-0722.2013.12.10163

DOI: 10.7256/2454-0722.2013.12.63711

Abstract: The article is devoted to the analysis of the process of aging in terms of social, cultural and historical transformations. Social development and people’s lives occur in a socio-cultural environment that have direct and indirect influence on human. Specific feature of traditional cultures is their attitude to aging and old age. At different stages of development of human society public attitude to aging was conditioned by socio-cultural peculiarities of this or that epoch. The research is based on the concepts of the “old man”, “problems of an old man” and “old age”. Based on the system analysis, the author offers an integrated definition of these terms. The author also used the method of historical and genetic analysis which allowed to define the general tendency in changing attitudes towards an old man during the period when traditional culture was being replaced by modern industrial, innovation-based and postmodern culture. Determination of the problems in philosophical analysis of a man at the last stage of his life path as well as description of attitudes to aging in different social, cultural and historical epochs create the novelty of research.

Keywords: aging, spirituality, society, life cycle, humankind, traditional culture, culture-historical type, generation change, succession, experience.

DOI: 10.7256/2454-0722.2014.11.13195

DOI: 10.7256/2454-0722.2014.11.65791

Abstract: The article reveals specifics of the motivational activity of clients in the process of individual psychological counseling depending on the degree of their responsibility. The purpose of the practical research is to analyze correlation relationships between internality and motivation at the beginning and the end of counseling. The researcher shows the growth of social motivation, motives for self-fulfillment and self-respect, desire to decrease the tension in a difficult life situation and achieve a goal. These indicators depend on the effectiveness of a counseling session. The researcher proves that responsibility is a necessary and required condition for psychological counseling because it guarantees the motivational involvement of a client in the counseling process and the success of the session. Methodologically the research is based on the main provisions of the subjective approach to activity as a source of responsibility and personal self-determination. It has been experimentally proved that the rise in internality as a parameter of personal responsibility creates changes in self-respect, self-fulfillment and intention to achieve a goal. The growth of responsibility most of all depends on the degree of self-respect that a person retains in a difficult life situation. The proven fact that responsibility is directly related to motivation creates the need for elaboration of the activity principle of a client in psychological counseling.

Keywords: responsibility, self-determination, motivational involvement, personal activity, psychological counseling, social support, self-fulfillment, self-respect, tension in a need state, goal achievement.

DOI: 10.7256/2454-0722.2015.12.17440

Abstract: The author of the article identifies and describes some characteristics of value orientations of senior pupils-prone oniomania. The author argues that with age the value orientation are subjected to various metamorphoses. The peak of formation of valuable orientations takes place in the senior school age, when the main predictabi personality is their independence, autonomy, self-direction in achieving success. The author also establishes that this age is a dangerous time for the formation of different types of dependencies. The younger generation especially vital intermediate reacts to the circumstances of transition, as not having sufficient life experience, training, stable value orientations, is on the lower level of the economic and social pyramid. The relevance of the study confirmed the instability of value orientations, growth of predisposition to oniomania among adolescents and the need to provide them with timely assistance and prevention. From the point of view of the author there is a relationship between hierarchy of values and a predisposition to oniomania. When ranking the values of the constructed hierarchy of value orientations of adolescents prone oniomania and the interrelation between the hierarchy of values and a predisposition to oniomania.

DOI: 10.7256/2454-0722.2015.12.67379